this study set out to investigate the distribution of the syntactic properties associatedwith the prodrop parameter by persian-speaking l2 learners of english in an attemptto examine the (un)attainability of native-like knowledge and (in)accessibility of ugin adult sla. to do so, 92 participants were assigned into different levels of l2knowledge based on their performances on the oxford placeme...

Packet loss can be detrimental to real-time interactive video over lossy networks because one lost video packet can propagate errors to many subsequent video frames due to the encoding dependency between frames. Feedback-based error control techniques use feedback information from the decoder to adjust coding parameters at the encoder or retransmit lost packets to reduce the error propagation d...

Existing compilers for many languages have confusing type error messages. Type error slicing (TES) helps the programmer by isolating the part of a program contributing to a type error, but unfortunately TES was initially done for a tiny toy language. Extending TES to a full programming language is extremely challenging, and for SML we needed a number of innovations and generalisations. Some iss...

Constraint-based modelling techniques have been demonstrated a useful means to develop intelligent tutoring systems in several domains. However, when applying CBM to tasks which require students to explore a large solution space, this approach encounters its limitation: it is not well suited to hypothesize the solution variant intended by the student, and thus corrective feedback might be not i...

For a large class of bounded-error estimation problems, the posterior feasible set S for the parameters can be de…ned by nonlinear inequalities. The set-inversion approach combines classical interval analysis with branch-and-bound algorithms to characterize S. Unfortunately, as bisections have to be done in all directions of the parameter space, this approach is limited to problems involving a ...

An workflow definition containing errors might cause serious problems for an enterprise especially when it involves mission critical business processes or inter-organizational interaction. So workflow definitions should be defined in a strict and rigorous way. In this paper, we suggest a workflow definition language and analysis methods for the language to support strict and rigorous workflow d...

Clinical guidelines aim to eliminate clinician errors, reduce practice variation, and promote best medical practices. Computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) can deliver patient-specific advice during clinical encounters, which makes them more likely to affect clinician behavior than narrative guidelines. To reduce the number of errors that are introduced while developing narrative guidelines ...

This paper shows that Error-Driven Constraint Demotion (EDCD), an errordriven learning algorithm proposed by Tesar (1995) for Prince and Smolensky’s (1993) version of Optimality Theory, can fail to converge to a totally ranked hierarchy of constraints, unlike the earlier non-error-driven learning algorithms proposed by Tesar and Smolensky (1993). The cause of the problem is found in Tesar’s use...

We present an automated method for the static prediction of the runtime error`deadlock or failure' in concurrent constraint programs. Operationally, the method is based on a new set-based analysis of reactive logic programs which computes an approximation of the greatest-model semantics. Semantically , the method is based on the connection between the inevitability of`deadlock or failure' in co...

We present a family of data-reusing and affine projection algorithms. For identification of a noisy linear finite impulse response channel, a partial knowledge of a channel, especially noise, can be used to improve the performance of the adaptive filter. Motivated by this fact, the proposed scheme incorporates an estimate of a knowledge of noise. A constraint, called the adaptive noise constrai...