Numerical modelling of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) gained increasing interest during the last years. The main objective of the modelling work is, on the one hand, to increase the insight in dynamics and functioning of the complex CW system by using mechanistic or process based models that describe transformation and degradation processes in detail. As these mechanistic models are...

The diversity of the nitrite reductase gene nirS was studied in the bulk sediment of a free-water surface constructed wetland (FWS-CW) located next to the Empuriabrava wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), in Castelló d'Empúries (Girona, NE Spain). The study period extended from the inception of the treatment wetland, in June 1998, until March 1999 and comprised periods of relatively high nitrate ...

Systemic fungicide use has increased over the last decades, despite susceptibility of resistance development and side effects to human health environment. Although herbicides insecticides are detected more frequently in environmental samples, there many fungicides that have ability enter water bodies due their physicochemical properties increasing use. Key factors affecting fate environment bee...