Botrytis cinerea is an important pathogen that causes diseases in ornamental crops. In presentresearch several greenhouses of roses located in central region of Iran were surveyed toidentify the Botrytis cinerea. A total of 80 isolates were collected from rose greenhouses incentral region of Iran. Morphological identification was based on characters such asconidiophore and conidial length. Acco...

multinational corporations (mncs) are major actors in contemporary world. their negative and positive impacts on human life make clear the need for expanding their responsibilities. the aim of this article is to show how responsibilities of mncs evolve during recent 50-60 years. through two sections, the article examines vertical and horizontal expansion of mncs’ responsibilities and then recen...

this survey was done for constructing an egg sorting machine which could sort white eggs from fertilized eggs. egg sorting machine was constructed based on physiological properties of trout egg. fertilized eggs have much more elasticity than white or non-hatched eggs. so the hatched eggs will fly back if were hit to a solid surface. the machine divided to 5 parts including mechanical, electrica...

Background: Pesticides are one of the important sources of environmental pollution that influence human health. The aim of current study was to determine diazinon and benomyl residues levels in mushrooms grown in greenhouses. Methods: Mushroom samples were obtained from 10 active greenhouses of Hamadan Province, Iran, every 14 days from May 2014. The absorbance of diazinon and benomyl were me...

Two natural enemy species are frequently released simultaneously to control one pest species in augmentative biological control in greenhouses. Intraguild predation (IGP) and interspecific competition between natural enemies might affect the biological control. IGP occurs between two parasitoids, between one parasitoid and one predator, and between two predators. Although unidirectional IGP has...

In this paper, it is proposed an irrigation control system able to use in an efficient way the water in greenhouses of heterogeneous plants without sacrificing the good condition of them, to accomplish this, firstly it is proposed a clustering of plants based on the irrigation needs and secondly implementation of a genetic algorithm that establishes the optimum watering times and waiting betwee...

Introduction Growing tomatoes in greenhouses allows producers to grow plants at a time when it would be impossible to grow outside because of the weather. The sole purpose of a greenhouse is to maintain an environment that promotes optimum production. Solar energy from the sun provides both sunlight and heat, but growers must provide a system that maintains the optimum growing environment in th...

With the rapid development of greenhouses, indoor air quality, particularly airborne microorganisms, is closely related to health farmers and needs more attention. In this study, concentrations fungi at seedling, fruiting harvesting stages in typical tomatoes greenhouses were tested. Temperature, relative humidity microbial analysed. It was found that dominant fungal genera are Aspergillus Clad...

Greenhouse mapping through remote sensing has received extensive attention over the last decades. In this article, the innovative goal relies on mapping greenhouses through the combined use of very high resolution satellite data (WorldView-2) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) time series within a context of an object-based image analysis (OBIA) and decision tree classification. Thus, ...

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas found in varying amounts in all soils. Therefore, it is very important to study radon emanation from different soils in different circumstances; especially, in green houses which widely used to propagate and cultivate of plants. In greenhouses radon comes from either soil or the substances which make suitable flooring in the greenhouse. Radon and i...