This paper aims to critically review the current body of literature relating calculation methods construction material stock. To this end, study adopts a systematic technique in order identify relevant studies. The findings revealed that bottom-up and top-down methodologies were commonly employed by reviewed Based on findings, it is recommended approach should be utilized when dealing with smal...

Numerous environmental problems are mitigated by natural resource depletion, with yearly global use of nearly 25 billion tonnes, including aggregates. Fast industrial growth has witnessed the ever-increasing exploitation sand from rivers for various construction resolves, which caused an over-exploitation rivers’ beds and disturbed eco-system. This problem is also related to amount waste produc...

Abstract This article investigates how hazardous substances and toxicity information can be integrated into the Construction Material Pyramid [Pyramid] in order to showcase potential health impacts of material choices architecture. The current indicates different materials’ upfront environmental initial life phase a building product, specifically Life Cycle Assessment phases A1-A3. success hing...