background: nowadays, the concept of family planning has been detached from the population control and it is expressed as an essential element in women’s reproductive rights, empowering them and promoting their status in society. family planning services have an important role in fertility decisions using contraception methods in women. this study was carried out to explore the experience of wo...

This paper studies an incentive structure for cooperation and its stability in peer-assisted services when there exist multiple content providers, using a coalition game theoretic approach. We first consider a generalized coalition structure consisting of multiple providers with many assisting peers, where peers assist providers to reduce the operational cost in content distribution. To distrib...

Content delivery networks (CDNs) can be viewed as application-specific overlay networks that make web caching an infrastructure service accessible to any content provider. As the Internet continues to evolve with increasing diversity and heterogeneity, we see a growing demand for extending the capabilities of network intermediaries to provide additional services such as content adaptation, pers...

conclusions the findings indicated that society associates reproductive health issues with sexual relations, which in turn shapes the stigma and places limitations on unmarried women for using reproductive health services. thus, while reproductive health services are planned and provided to unmarried women, strategies are demanded for overcoming this stigma. objectives this paper explores the c...

The importance of service-oriented architecture for science is widely recognized. Increasingly, scientific communities are making information tools accessible as services that clients can access over the network, without knowledge of their internal workings. In this way, tools formerly accessible only to the specialist can be made available to all. Equally importantly, new value-added services ...

Traditionally, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have to interconnect with content providers to provide network services to customers. Current business model that connectivity and bandwidth become commodities has motivated ISPs to distribute content and other application-specific services to their customers using their own infrastructure. It is desirable for ISPs to economize existing infrastru...

By putting the tools for media creation in the hands of the consumer, there will be exponential growth in the distribution and hosting of media on the Internet. We expect this growth to parallel that of HTTP traffic. Our position is that we need to confront the issues related to the potential exponential growth in the number of media sources and services. Further, we believe that significantly ...

background : despite an increased need, residents of rural communities have decreased access to healthcare and often present unique healthcare challenges associated with their rurality. ensuring medical students receive adequate exposure to these issues is complicated by the urban location of most medical schools. health fairs (fairs) conducted in rural communities can provide students exposure...

background: activity based costing (abc) is one of the new methods began appearing as a costing methodol­ogy in the 1990's. it calculates cost price by determining the usage of resources. in this study, abc method was used for calculating cost price of remedial services in hospitals. methods: to apply abc method, shahid faghihi hospital was selected. first, hospital units were divided into thre...