Earthworms are widespread soil organisms that contribute to a wide range of ecosystem services. As such, it is important improve our knowledge, still scanty, the factors drive assembly earthworm communities. The aim present study was conjointly evaluate effects on communities i) properties (texture, organic matter content, and pH), ii) grassland management (grassland age, livestock unit, type f...

recognizing the herbaceous plant species diversity could use as an importantindicator applied for the rangeland and forests management. considering the presence ofvegetation and animal husbandry in zagros region, iran, being aware of the diversity andrichness of plant species is necessary to management or the destructed vegetationrestoration. in order to study the effect of aspect and elevation...

Darwin proposed two contradictory hypotheses to explain the influence of congeners on the outcomes of invasion: the naturalization hypothesis, which predicts a negative relationship between the presence of congeners and invasion success, and the pre-adaptation hypothesis, which predicts a positive relationship between the presence of congeners and invasion success. Studies testing these hypothe...

NÚRIA BONADA* , MARIA RIERADEVALL* , HELEN DALLAS , JENNY DAVIS , JENNY DAY , RICARDO FIGUEROA § , VINCENT H. RESH AND NARCÍS PRAT* *Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Aquatic Ecosystems Research Group, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia Aquatic Systems Research Unit, Environmental ...

In many grassland ecosystems, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are added to improve plant productivity, and the aboveground plant biomass is mowed and stored as hay for the bullamacow. Nutrient addition and mowing affect the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and most of the previous studies have primarily focused on their effects on macro-organisms, neglecting the responses of soil microbi...

Food web structure and species richness are both subject to biotic (e.g. predation pressure and resource limitation) and abiotic stress (e.g. environmental change). We investigated the combined effects of both types of stress on richness and connectance, and on their relationship, in a predator-prey system. To this end, we developed a mathematical two trophic level food-web model to investigate...

Extremist organizations are heavily utilizing Internet technologies to increase their abilities to influence the world. Studying those global extremist organizations’ Internet presence would allow us to better understand extremist organizations’ technical sophistication and their propaganda plans. In this work, we explore an integrated approach for collecting and analyzing extremist Internet pr...