The debate on trade and poverty is reinforced by recent studies on the role of standards. It is argued that increasing standards act as trade barriers for developing countries and cause further marginalization of the poor. This paper is the first to quantify income and poverty effects of such high-standards trade and to integrate labor market effects, by using company and household survey data ...

This paper provides new perspectives on USA landlord–tenant contracting, where technical change is creating scale economies in farming and farm enlargements, and results that are important to the sustainability of land use and environmental quality. We develop a conceptual model of landlord–tenant contracting that emphasizes minimizing transactions costs and setting incentives for effort when t...

This article examines a new role for contract farming in developing countries in the light of the industrialisation of agriculture and the globalisation of world markets. A theoretical rationale for contracting in developing countries is developed on the basis of adopting new institutional economic theory for the purpose of matching governance forms to market failure problems and transaction ch...