Following major reforms of the British National Health Service (NHS) in 1990, the roles of purchasing and providing health services were separated, with the relationship between purchasers and providers governed by contracts. Using a mixed multinomial logit analysis, we show how this policy shift led to a selection of contracts that is consistent with the predictions of a simple model, based on...

This note deals with on-line computation or learning of Pareto optimal insurance contracts. We account for the fact that the loss distribution often is unknown, unavailable, or intractable. Alternatively, the contracting parties could be inexperienced. In both cases losses must be simulated or observed, one at a time, these causing iterated revisions of the premium. The mechanical nature of pro...

1. In discussions on how to develop a scientifically robust assessment of the eutrophication status expected after implementation of agreed measures, ETG 2003 concluded that OSPAR Contracting Parties currently lacked the necessary tools to develop an assessment that would go beyond the assessment already agreed and published by OSPAR 2001. In the JAMP, a further assessment of the expected eutro...

an important determinant of health system performance is contracting. providers often respond to financial incentives, despite the ethical underpinnings of medicine, and payers can craft contracts to influence performance. yet contracting is highly imperfect in both single-payer and multi-payer health systems. arguably, in a competitive, multi-payer environment, contractual innovation may occur...

the debate over the discriminatory contracts is one of the highly contentious subjects of the competition law in various legal systems. in these contracts the contracting firm, in similar circumstances, unduly discriminates between other contracting parties with respect to the price or the contractual conditions and charge different prices and conditions for the same products. one of the most c...

We investigate the optimal reinsurance problems in this paper, specifically, stop-loss strategies that can bring mutual benefit to both insurance company and company. The utility improvement constraints are adopted by contracting parties guarantee a contract will higher expected utilities of wealth two participants. We also introduce five risk criteria reflect inter...

Despite the large literature on alliance contract design, we know little about how transacting parties change and amend their underlying contracts during execution of strategic alliances. Drawing existing research in contracting literature, develop empirical question detail prior ties influence amount, direction, type such agreements collaboration. We generated a sample 115 joint ventures (JVs)...

Predictive contracting uses information technology tools to determine the correlation between contractual provisions and contract performance using external data; ultimate goal of applying this method is define in a way that ensures its execution accordance with will parties. Parties may anticipate how provisions/terms (and choice them) relate outcome (with outcomes); those can be used iterativ...

Over the past 40 years, an irrelevance proposition has been embraced implicitly in law-andeconomics scholarship: bargaining power should affect only price and not non-price terms of a contract. This proposition is based on unstated assumptions that contracting is affected by neither transaction costs nor asymmetrical information and that the parties are risk neutral. In contrast, practitioners ...

While the performance of contracts upon fundamental change circumstances is not a new matter in laws developed countries, it newly regulated 2015 Civil Code Vietnam. Only now, Vietnam has had guiding documents from competent state agencies on this matter, so application practice still inconsistent, especially determining circumstances. Therefore, basis clarifying concept, legal status, and prac...