breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world. the most important prognostic factor in this cancer is the stage of the tumor. detection of lymph nodes with or without malignancy is essential for determining the stage of the tumor and setting a therapeutic plan. there are different methods for isolating lymph nodes in surgical specimens of breast cancer in the pathology depar...

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The prediction of clinical outcome and the selection of patients for adjuvant therapy are currently based on prognostic factors [age, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, tumor size, and lymph node involvement] according to international guidelines (Cinieri et al., ...

BACKGROUND For patients with early breast cancer and lymph node metastasis, axillary treatment is widely recommended. This is either surgical removal of the axillary lymph nodes, or axillary radiotherapy. The rationale for axillary treatment is that it will reduce the risk of recurrence in the axilla, and may improve survival. However, both treatments are associated with adverse effects, such a...

PURPOSE The axillary reverse mapping (ARM) technique to identify and preserve arm nodes during sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was developed to prevent lymphedema. The purpose of this study was to investigate the location and metastatic rate of the arm node, and to evaluate the short term incidence of lymphedema after arm node preserving surgery. MET...

HYPOTHESIS Clinical and pathological variables may be predictors of axillary dissemination in T1mic and T1a breast carcinoma. DESIGN Retrospective medical chart review. SETTING University-affiliated tertiary referral center. PATIENTS All patients diagnosed as having ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with microinvasion between January 1, 1988, and December 30, 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES P...

BACKGROUND The current management of the axilla in level 1 node-positive breast cancer patients is axillary lymph node dissection regardless of the status of the level 2 axillary lymph nodes. The goal of this study was to develop a nomogram predicting the probability of level 2 axillary lymph node metastasis (L-2-ALNM) in patients with level 1 axillary node-positive breast cancer. MATERIALS A...

the authors describe a case of histiocyte-rich b-cell lymphoma (hr-bcl), a variant of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, in a 51-year-old man. the patient presented with large axillary lymphadenopathy. histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination of lymph node biopsy revealed diffuse effacement of the lymph node architecture by reactive histiocytes and neoplastic cd20 positive b cells. react...

Background: For patients with early breast cancer and lymph node metastasis, axillary treatment is widely recommended. This is either surgical removal of the axillary lymph nodes, or axillary radiotherapy. The rationale for axillary treatment is that it will reduce the risk of recurrence in the axilla, and may improve survival. However, both treatments are associated with adverse effects, such ...

BACKGROUND Axillary lymph node metastasis is associated with increased risk of regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and poor survival in breast malignant neoplasm. Expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is significantly associated with tumor formation, migration, and invasion in various cancers. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) express...