The conjecture that energy transport in sunspot penumbrae occurs through convection by an interchange of magnetic flux tubes is used in order to construct a magnetostatic model for a deep penumbra which is part of a global sunspot model. The model describes an overall mechanical equilibrium between the three stratifications: of the umbra, the penumbra, and of the solar convection zone, all of t...

Linear stability of double diffusive convection of Darcy-Maxwell fluid with Soret and Dufour effects is investigated. The effects of the Soret and Dufour numbers, Lewis number, relaxation time and solutal Darcy Rayleigh number on the stationary and oscillatory convection are presented graphically. The Dufour number enhances the stability of Darcy-Maxwell fluid for stationary convection while it...

We study asymptotic behavior of the global attractors to the Boussinesq system for Rayleigh-B enard convection at large Prandtl number. In particular, we show that the global attractors to the Boussinesq system for Rayleigh-B enard convection converge to that of the in nite Prandtl number model for convection as the Prandtl number approaches in nity. This o ers partial justi cation of the in ni...

The structure of Bénard–Marangoni convection cells can be controlled by periodic topographic patterns on the heated surface that generates the convection. When the periodicity of the topographic pattern matches the intrinsic periodicity of the convection cells, a convective pattern is formed that is 1:1 commensurate with the topographic pattern. Arrays of hexagonal, square, and triangular conve...

[1] For the first time precise measurements obtained using Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars are used to quantify the temporal variability in the convection velocity and identify the cause of the variations for a particular event located in the vicinity of the cusp. Using SuperDARN line-of-sight (LOS) Doppler velocities near 1200 magnetic local time and a standard fitting tech...