Abstract We investigate reverging - the phase between diverging and converging steps in a creative process context of visual thinking agency. Creative facilitation literature advocates for such phase, aimed at revisiting rearranging ideas generated during diverging, to prepare converging. However, practice this step is often neglected or not performed well, resulting into sense increased comple...

Abstract In this paper, a model problem of viscous flow and heat transfer in rectangular converging (diverging) channel has been investigated. The governing equations are presented Cartesian Coordinates consequently they simplified solved with perturbation numerical methods. Initially, symmetrical solutions the boundary value found for upper half channel. Later on, these extended to lower then ...

The diffraction characteristics of a volume grating (VG) illuminated by a three-dimensional (3-D) converging-diverging Gaussian beam at conical incidence are investigated by applying 3-D finite-beam (FB) rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) based on the conventional 3-D RCWA in conjunction with two-dimensional plane-wave decomposition. The Gaussian beam is assumed to have an arbitrary incidenc...

Sonic velocities of geologic fluids, such as volcanic magmas and geothermal fluids, can be as low as 1 m/s. Critical velocities in large rivers can be of the order of 1-10 m/s. Because velocities of fluids moving in these settings can exceed these characteristic velocities, sonic and supersonic gas flow and critical and supercritical shallow-water flow can occur. The importance of the low chara...

Small spacecraft that can be categorized as microsats, nanosats, and picosats has a strong potential for wide applications in communication, scientific experiments, and space exploration. In order to combine the advantages of both electric and chemical propulsion thrusters, a dual-mode microspike based thruster concept is proposed. For a fixed input power, it can operate in either a high-Isp mo...