Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a novel technique for elemental analysis based on laser-generated plasma. In this technique, laser pulses are applied for ablation of the sample, resulting in the vaporization and ionization of sample in hot plasma which is finally analyzed by the spectrometer. The elements are identified by their unique spectral signatures. LIBS system was develop...

Copper slags generated during the primary copper smelting have, due to its favorable mineralogical and chemical composition, several possible end uses in resource demanding construction sector. are made via two different processing methods; slow air cooling or water granulation. Air results final well crystalline dense product, which is used usually as coarse aggregates building sector, however...