PATIENT Female, 57 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Coronary sinus - venous fistula Symptoms: Dispnoea Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Cardiology. OBJECTIVE Rare disease. BACKGROUND Coronary arterial fistula, or arteriovenous malformation (AVM), is a connection between the coronary tree and a cardiac chamber or great vessel, having bypassed the myocardial capillary bed. Known complications f...

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A 46-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension presented with dyspnea, palpitations, and a murmur of aortic regurgitation. Echocardiography revealed a quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) with 4 equal-sized cusps and enlarged left main coronary artery ostium (Figure 1A). On additional imaging, an unusual flow was seen entering the proximal main pulmonary artery from the lateral aspect just dist...

Whereas coronary artery fistulas (CAF) are the most frequent congenital anomalies influencing hemodynamic parameters of coronary arteries, bilateral coronary-pulmonary artery fistula (CPAF) complicated by a large saccular aneurysm is relatively rare. The optimal treatment of symptomatic patients with CPAF and aneurysm still remains a challenging problem and has been usually considered as an ind...

: Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is characterized by abnormal communication between the main coronary and cardiac chambers, pulmonary arteries, vena cava, systemic arteries veins, a rare malformation. Bronchiectasis involves remodeling persistent dilatation of bronchial airways. It can either be localized to one lung segment or diffused throughout whole lung. The incidence bronchiectasis has inc...

Introduction The finding of a congenital right coronary–to–vena cava superior (RCVCS) fistula is extremely rare. The overall prevalence of coronary artery fistulae is 0.02%–0.9%, of which the coronary-to–pulmonary artery fistula is the most common type (78%) and the coronary-to–vena cava superior fistula the least common (1.8%). Symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, angina, reduced exercise...

A coronary artery fistula (CAF) is an aberrant connection between a coronary artery and heart chamber or major thoracic vessel that bypasses capillary beds and results in a left-to-right shunt. CAFs commonly result from congenital abnormalities but may be acquired via iatrogenic mechanisms, affecting approximately 0.002% of the general population and accounting for only 0.1% of coronary anomali...

Since the natural history of a coronary artery to left ventricle fistula is not well known, a case of such a fistula in 36-year-old female patient, followed for 20 years is presented. Two-dimensional echocardiography performed as a follow-up examination revealed enlargement of the right coronary artery and the right Valsalva sinus. Two-dimensional color flow mapping showed the jet flow to the a...