introduction: repetitive cortical spreading depression (csd) can lead to cell death in immature brain tissue. caspases are involved in neuronal cell death in several csd-related neurological disorders. yet, whether repetitive csd itself can induce caspase activation in adult or juvenile tissue remains unknown. inducing repetitive csd in somatosensory cortices of juvenile and adult rats in vivo,...

conclusions the outside diameter/inside diameter ratio at the metaphyseal/diaphyseal junction of the distal radius on ap radiographs is suitable for use as a predictor of distal-radius bone density. further studies should be performed, and clinical utility evaluated. results the mean bmd was 0.559 (sd = 0.236) g / cm2. the mean outside diameter/inside diameter ratio was 1.24 (sd = 0.013); the r...

conclusions the most effected parts in asd are lateral connections of hmasd. two-sided connections which are completely symmetric become more active, and cause extra synchronization. on the other hand, due to special characteristic of two-sided connections and their ability to simulate the same phased dynamics, they cause unnatural asymmetry in children’s eeg signal. these results are consisten...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine whether follicles grown within human ovarian cortical strip culture for 6 days in serum-free medium could be isolated at the secondary stage of pre-antral development and grown in vitro to the late pre-antral/early antral stage during a 4 day culture period. METHODS Ovarian cortical biopsies were obtained from six women aged 26-40 years,...

Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the major striatal neuron and receive synaptic input from both glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferents. These synapses are made on MSN dendritic spines, which undergo density and morphology changes in association with numerous disease and experience-dependent states. Despite wide interest in the structure and function of mature MSNs, relatively little is known a...

Objective In the present study, the effects of alginate (ALG) concentration and ovarian cells (OCs) on the development and function of follicles were simultaneously evaluated. MaterialsAndMethods In the first step, preantral follicles (100-130 µm in diameter) were mechanically isolated from the ovaries of 2-week-old NMRI mice, encapsulated in the absence or presence of OCs in 0.5, 0.75 and 1% A...

Primordial follicles from different mammal species can survive and enter the growth phase in vitro but do not develop beyond the primary stage. The hypothesis was that, in sheep, in vitro follicular growth is arrested because of a lack of secretion of GDF9 and/or BMP15. Cortical slices of 0.3–0.5 mm thickness issued from 5to 6-month-old lambs were cultured for 15 days. The pieces were fixed on ...

objective: implants are being used in orthodontics as a reliable mode of anchorage. among other factors, the cortical bone thickness plays a major role in determining the stability of these implants. the objective of this study was to study the relationship of various arch forms and the cortical bone thickness and to determine if the cortical bone thickness varies between various arch forms. th...