OBJECTIVES Major guidelines regarding the application of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) have recommended the common and widespread use of the "societal perspective" for purposes of consistency and comparability. The objective of this Task Force subgroup report (one of six reports from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research [ISPOR] Task Force on Good Research Pr...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models are routinely used to inform health care policy. Key model inputs include relative effectiveness of competing treatments, typically informed by meta-analysis. Heterogeneity is ubiquitous in meta-analysis, and random effects models are usually used when there is variability in effects across studies. In the absence of observed treatment effect modifiers, ...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is used increasingly in medicine to determine whether the health benefit of an intervention worth economic cost. Discrete event simulation (DES) playing increasing role CEA thanks several advantages, such as possibility modeling time and heterogeneous populations. It usually implemented with general-purpose programming languages or commercial software packages....

One of the most innovative aspects of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the incorporation of economic principles and tools into water management and water policy. Amongst the various economic analyses stated or implied in the WFD, the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of mitigation measures needed to achieve the ‘good ecological status’ has been given a pivotal place. This is aime...

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide to performing cost-effectiveness analysis using a multi-state modeling approach. Alongside the tutorial, we provide easy-to-use functions in the statistics package R. We argue that this multi-state modeling approach using a package such as R has advantages over approaches where models are built in a spreadsheet package. In particular, using a syntax-b...

OBJECTIVE There has never been a large, randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of intraoperative imaging on the success of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). This comparison involves cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS We constructed a decision-analytic model to compare effectiveness and costs of intraoperative ultrasound (IUS) and completion angiography as adjuncts to CEA. Data on proc...

With the need for healthcare cost-containment, increased scrutiny will be placed on new medical therapeutic or diagnostic technologies. Several challenges exist for a new diagnostic test to demonstrate cost-effectiveness. New diagnostic tests differ from therapeutic procedures due to the fact that diagnostic tests do not generally directly affect long-term patient outcomes. Instead, the results...

Economic analyses of treatment options are particularly important to assist treatment decisions in a resource-limited country such as Brazil. Recently, Machado et al. published in this journal a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), comparing linezolid versus vancomycin for the treatment of mechanical ventilation-associated nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus...