The cement industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions on global scale. Consequently, there has been an increasing interest, in both academia and business, low-carbon concretes which Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) partially or fully replaced with industrial side streams. However, the realization of environmental benefits such materials depends how competitive they are constructi...

in children. although its burden is considerably preventable by vaccine, routine vaccination against hib has not been defined in the national immunization program of iran. this study was performed to assess the cost-benefit and cost‑utility of running an hib vaccination program in iran. methods: based on a previous systematic review and meta‑analysis for vaccine efficacy, we estimated the avert...

This paper will consider the spectrum of parametric cost models from cost estimating relationships (CER) to micro and finally macro-parametric models. This will lead to a description of the Family of Advanced Cost Estimating Tools (FACET) parametric suite of models and their top-down capability to estimate costs. One of the unique aspects of FACET is the utilisation of multi-colinearity. Typica...

Realistic modeling of cost of manufacturing is essential both for estimating cost of a product and for optimizing alternate manufacturing strategies. Although there are many factors that affect cost of manufacturing, the single most important parameter for estimating the cost of manufacturing is tolerance (deviation from the nominal size). Since tolerance affects the manufacturing cost directly...

a successful software should be finalized with determined and predetermined cost and time. software is a production which its approximate cost is expert workforce and professionals. the most important and approximate software cost estimation (sce) is related to the trained workforce. creative nature of software projects and its abstract nature make extremely cost and time of projects difficult ...

estimating the final price of products is of great importance. for manufacturing companies proposing a final price is only possible after the design process over. these companies propose an approximate initial price of the required products to the customers for which some of time and money is required. here using the existing data of already designed transformers and utilizing the bayesian anal...

Understanding how the building design influences construction costs is a challenging task for estimators. Estimators must recognize the design conditions that affect construction costs and customize the cost estimate accordingly. Estimators have different preferences for how and when to adjust a project’s activities, resources, and resource productivity rates that form the basis of a cost estim...