Antibody molecules, and antibody fragments in particular, have enormous potential in the development of biosensors for marine monitoring. Conventional immobilisation approaches used in immunoassays typically yield unstable and mostly incorrectly oriented antibodies, however, resulting in reduced detection sensitivities for already low concentration analytes. The 2H12 anti-domoic acid scFv antib...

Covalent grafting of biomolecules is a strategy to improve the biocompatibility and bioactivity of materials. However, it is critical to maintain the biological activity of the biomolecule upon its attachment to the surface. In the present study we compared the biological properties of chitosan, in which the surface was enriched with fibronectin (Fn), using two methodologies: chemical immobiliz...

Following elucidation of the structures of the flavin components of succinate dehydrogenase (SD) as N (3)-histidyl-8a-FAD and of monoamine oxidase (MAO) as cysteinyl-8a-FAD and determination of the peptide sequences around the flavin sites of these enzymes, attention has been focused on the covalently bound FAD of Chromatium cytochrome c-552. As documented in preliminary communications, the FAD...

Reversibility of protein denaturation is a prerequisite for all applications that depend on reliable enzyme catalysis, particularly, for using steam to sterilize enzyme reactors or enzyme sensor tips, and for developing protein-based devices that perform on-off switching of the protein function such as enzymatic activity, ligand binding and so on. In this study, we have successfully constructed...

cathodes. Nanostructuring was provided by gold nanorods (AuNRs), which were characterized and covalently attached to electrodes made of low-density graphite. The nanostructured electrode was the scaffold for covalent and oriented attachment of ThLc. The bioelectrocatalytic currents measured for oxygen reduction were as high as 0.5 mA/cm(2 and 0.7 mA/cm(2), which were recorded under direct and m...

This paper describes the development of an efficient transfection vehicle for nucleic acids using surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a mixed-monolayer of biological molecules—a hybrid approach that combines two previously investigated models. The objective is to improve upon previously described nanoparticles used to introduce nucleic acids to cells—oligonucleotide-functiona...

Photosystem II (PSII) offers a biological and sustainable route of photochemical water oxidation to O2 and can provide protons and electrons for the generation of solar fuels, such as H2. We present a rational strategy to electrostatically improve the orientation of PSII from a thermophilic cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus elongatus , on a nanostructured indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and ...