As the complexity of circuit designs grows, designers look toward formal veri cation to achieve better test coverage for validating complex designs. However, this approach is inherently computationally intensive, and hence, only small designs can be veri ed using this method. To achieve better performance, model abstraction is necessary. Model abstraction reduces the number of states necessary ...

this article discusses what ethicists have called “unacceptable trade-offs” in health policy choices related to universal health coverage (uhc). since the fiscal space is constrained, trade-offs need to be made. but some trade-offs are unacceptable on the path to universal coverage. unacceptable choices include, among other examples from low-income countries, to expand coverage for services wit...

Code coverage is one of the most important aspects of software testing, which helps software engineers to understand which portion of code has been executed using a given test suite throughout the software testing process. Automatic testing tools are widely utilized to provide testing coverage metrics in order to gauge the quality of software, but these tools may have some shortcomings such as ...

reducing test suite size without compromising the suite’s effectiveness in performing regression testing. This article presents a hybrid technique using the variable-based method that combines both selection and prioritization. It considers source code changes and coverage information with respect to each test case. Variables are the vital source of changes in the program, and this method captu...

“Software test-coverage measures” quantify the degree of thoroughness of testing. Tools are now available that measure test-coverage in terms of blocks, branches, computation-uses, predicate-uses, etc. that are covered. This paper models the relations among testing time, coverage, and reliability. An LE (logarithmic-exponential) model is presented that relates testing effort to test coverage (b...

BACKGROUND A large proportion of long-term survivors of childhood cancer have treatment-related adverse cardiac and pulmonary late-effects, with related mortality. Consequently, this population of approximately 379,000 individuals in the U.S. is at high risk of complications from influenza infections. PURPOSE To estimate influenza vaccination coverage overall and among subgroups of adult surv...

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement is being increasingly recognized as a de facto international standard. The ISO Guide recommends a standardized way of expressing uncertainty in all kinds of measurements and provides a comprehensive approach for combining information to evaluate that uncertainty. The ISO Guide supports...

We consider n mobile sensors located on a line containing a barrier represented by a finite line segment. Sensors form a wireless sensor network and are able to move within the line. An intruder traversing the barrier can be detected only when it is within the sensing range of at least one sensor. The sensor network establishes barrier coverage of the segment if no intruder can penetrate the ba...

OBJECTIVES We sought to estimate the influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage among older American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) adults nationally and the impact of sociodemographic factors, variations by geographic region, and access to services on vaccination coverage. METHODS We obtained our sample of 1981 AIAN and 179845 White respondents 65 years and older from Behavioral Risk F...

Time-varying coverage, namely sweep coverage is a recent development in the area of wireless sensor networks, where a small number of mobile sensors sweep or monitor comparatively large number of locations periodically. In this article we study barrier sweep coverage with mobile sensors where the barrier is considered as a finite length continuous curve on a plane. The coverage at every point o...