Whether phytophagous insects can speciate in sympatry when they shift and adapt to new host plants is a controversial question. One essential requirement for sympatric speciation is that disruptive selection outweighs gene flow between insect populations using different host plants. Empirical support for host-related selection (i.e., fitness trade-offs) is scant, however. Here, we test for host...

BACKGROUND This paper is an ethnobotanical review of wild edible plants gathered for consumption from the end of the 18th century to the present day, within the present borders of Poland. METHODS 42 ethnographic and botanical sources documenting the culinary use of wild plants were analyzed. RESULTS The use of 112 species (3.7% of the flora) has been recorded. Only half of them have been us...

background: hawthorn species decreases blood pressure and relaxes precontracted vessels. this study aimed at examining the antihypertensive effect and related mechanisms of hydroalcoholic extract of crataegus azarolus subspecies aronia fruit in rats with renovascular hypertension. methods: six groups of male sprague-dawley rats, each containing 6 to 8 rats, were studied. the groups comprised of...

OBJECTIVE Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad spectrum chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of several malignancies. The use of DOX in clinical chemotherapy has been restricted due to its diverse toxicities, including reproductive toxicity. Crataegus monogyna (C. monogyna) is one of the oldest medicinal plants that have been shown to be cytoprotective because of scavenging free radicals. The p...

Herbal medicine has impacted veterinary including equine practice. Many of the postulated health-promoting effects medicinal plants are discussed in context their antioxidative properties, but different factors such as digestion can have an effect on activities compounds. The simulated foregut conditions antioxidant capacity seven commonly consumed by horses and/or present complementary diet wa...