In this paper, we compare the computational power of two-way Watson–Crick automata and Quantum finite automata. The language $${\text{L}} = \left\{ {\left. {{\text{xx}}} \right|{\text{x}} \in {{\mathbf{a}},{\mathbf{b}}} \right\}^{*} } \right\}$$ is accepted by but not quantum

Vascular entry is a decisive step for the initiation of long-distance movement of infectious and endogenous RNAs, silencing signals and developmental/defense signals in plants. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) as a model to investigate the direct role of the RNA itself in vascular entry. We report here the identification of an RNA mot...

There are two concepts of consciousness that are easy to confuse with one another, access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness. However, just as the concepts of water and H2O are different concepts of the same thing, so the two concepts of consciousness may come to the same thing in the brain. The focus of this paper is on the problems that arise when these two concepts of consciousness a...

While keto-amino cytosine is the dominant species in aqueous solution, spectroscopic studies in molecular beams and in noble gas matrices show that other cytosine tautomers prevail in apolar environments. Each of these offers two or three H-bonding sites (Watson-Crick, wobble, sugar-edge). The mass- and isomer-specific S1 ← S0 vibronic spectra of cytosine·2-pyridone (Cyt·2PY) and 1-methylcytosi...

Changes in the structural and solvation dynamics of a 15mer AT DNA duplex upon melting of the double-helix are observed by a combination of ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D-IR) and optical Kerr-effect (OKE) spectroscopies. 2D-IR spectroscopy of the vibrational modes of the DNA bases reveal signature off-diagonal peaks arising from coupling and energy transfer across Watson-Crick paired ba...

The principles governing the replication fidelity of genomes are not fully understood yet. Watson and Crick’s base-pairing principle for matched deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) bases can explain why the guanineecytosine and adenine-thymine base pairs are approximately one hundred times more stable thermodynamically than mismatched combinations. In vitro, DNA polymerases reduce the number of mismatche...

AIMS To assess the Tuck-Crick and the Quigley-Vitale predictive regression equations against fresh independent real world data for estimating the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the UK. To apply the equations to the elderly population of England and Wales, for which there is sample survey data on glaucoma, and demographic data. METHODS Directly measured actual prevalence o...

An ab initio method is used in a two state model to calculate consistent relative enthalpies and free energies for the stacking of nucleic acid bases in deoxyribose dinucleotides and the Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding interactions between mononucleotides when uncharged and singly charged. Favorable free energy changes are determined for the formation of dimers between mononucleotides by Watson-C...

Watson and Crick are famous for the discovery of the double helix but there is a less widely known Ciba Symposium paper by Crick and Watson that puts forward a general theory of virus structure based on principles of assembly of subunits. Few people remember that Jim Watson came to Cambridge to work on the X-ray crystallography of tobacco mosaic virus; I suspect that had he not been distracted ...