Current red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding methods for quantitative traits consist almost entirely of recurrent phenotypic selection. In many species, improved cultivars have been achieved through hybrid breeding methods, especially for highly nonadditive traits. Hybrid methods have previously been studied and developed in red clover; inbreeding depression was a hindrance to the utilit...

Cropland soil is a major driver of global nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. In cold climates, nongrowing season (NGS) emissions can be significant due to high fluxes during freeze–thaw (FT) cycles. Cover crops alter key conditions that govern N O-producing microbial processes, with multiple potential pathways either increase or decrease O production FT Cultivating cover in the fall terminate may...

biofertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which can use instead of chemical fertilizer in sustainable crop production. the effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria; root endophytic fungi (ef) piriformospora indica, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus mosseae on growth and nutrient uptake of sunflower plants grown in mixture with two clover species, persian c...

The effects of soil water deficit and interspecific plant interaction were studied on the dry matter (DM ) yield of white clover and ryegrass and on the morphogenesis of white clover. Plants were grown either: (1) individually (no interaction); or in a mixture of equal plant numbers with either (2) just shoot interaction, or (3) both shoot+root interaction. Plants were subjected to soil water d...

The fermentation of the neutral detergent-soluble (NDS) fraction of two legumes (clover, alfalfa) and two grasses (timothy, guinea grass) was measured using a curve subtraction technique with in vitro gas production data from the whole forage and the isolated neutral detergent-extracted fiber. The NDF disappearance and VFA production also were measured. There were no significant differences bet...

sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia scop.) is a perennial forage legume has recognized for its feed value and high stability. this experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship among morphological and agronomic traits using multivariate statistical methods including correlation, regression and factor analysis. twenty one accessions of sainfoin were evaluated in a randomized complete bloc...

Silage pulp (SP) is a byproduct from biorefinary of silage that can be used as forage source for ruminants. However, there lack information regarding the complete replacement dietary SP on performance dairy cows. The purpose this study was to evaluate substitution grass-clover milk production Grass-clover mixture harvested, wilted, and ensiled in bunker silos. screw pressed biorefinery solid li...