In criminal law, “criminalization” is defined as a process of determining certain conduct offense through legislation. This doctrinal legal research article describes and analyzes the criteria for criminalization promulgated by Moeljatno, Sudarto, Theo de Roos, Iris Haenen. Moeljatno’s are: 1) harmful to public, 2) primary means deter conduct, 3) government’s ability effectively enforce provisi...

MIKUŠOVÁ JANA: EU Courts’ review of decisions imposing fi nes in EU state aids cases. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 4, pp. 1017–1021 The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive view on the application of the principle of proportionality in the Commission’s decisions imposing fi nes in the area of state aids as well as the EU cou...

Background There are many types of intervention that can lead to a change in lean body mass including: hormone replacement therapy, aging, menopause, strength training, aerobic exercise, extreme weight loss interventions (gastric bypass surgery), and starvation. Lean body mass is a metabolically active tissue which is involved in several key functions in the body, including: locomotion, basal m...

Euclid’s lemma can be derived from the algebraic gcd property, but it is not at all apparent that Euclid himself does this. We would be quite surprised if he didn’t use this property because he points it out early on and because we expect him to make use of the Euclidean algorithm in some significant way. In this paper, we explore the question of just how the algebraic gcd property enters into ...