Scour in the downstream of hydraulic structures is a phenomenon which usually occurs due to exceeding the velocity or shear stress from a critical level. In this paper by using the laboratory data by Borman- Jouline and De-Agostino research, it was tried to get more accurate equations in order to calculate the maximum depth of scour in the downstream of the water level regulation structures. Co...

Due to climate change, heat waves and drought are ex­ pected to increase in frequency and intensity in Central Europe. Thus, assessments of critical constraints of water supply in forest trees are needed to develop adequate for­ est adaptation measures. We present a novel ‘critical limit’ approach to soil water availability (SWA) for the major central European forest tree species based on the p...

Does visual short-term memory (VSTM) depend on depth, as it might be if information was stored in more than one depth layer? Depth is critical in natural viewing and might be expected to affect retention, but whether this is so is currently unknown. Cued partial reports of letter arrays (Sperling, 1960) were measured up to 700 ms after display termination. Adding stereoscopic depth hardly affec...

This paper examines accurate image depth determination in order to achieve accurate navigation. This is critical for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle or UAV aerial refueling and also space debris clearance operations. The theory behind image depth calculation is explained and then synthetic pixel data is manufactured in order to determine a 95% confidence interval on image depth under various errors con...

The drops are used to control the descents,  stabilize the bed level, and control the upstream water level in sloping channels with less slope than the ground slope. The current study presents a numerical analysis of hydraulic characteristics in the vertical drop using computational fluid dynamics. At first, the laboratory models were used for verification and choosing the best model of turbule...