An imbalance of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and the neutrophil chemotactic factor IL-8 and inhibitors (e.g., soluble TNF receptors and IL-1ra) in the lung during the first week of life may contribute to prolonged pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) has anti-inflammatory effects in asthma, a disease wit...

The effects on gas exchange of superimposition of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) (40 Hz) on conventional mechanical ventilation were investigated in mongrel dogs with eucapnic gas exchange on conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). The dogs were anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated with CMV until stable. Oscillation was then superimposed for 15 min, followed by CMV alone for a further 3...

BACKGROUND Astrocytes, the major glial cell type that has been increasingly recognized as contributing to neuroinflammation, are critical in the occurrence and development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Although emerging evidence showed that brain mast cells (MCs) are the "first responders" in neuroinflammation, little is known about the functional communication between MCs and ...

The voltammetric behavior of olopatadine was investigated at hanging mercury drop electrode using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The drug under study exhibited a single, well-defined reduction peak owing to the reduction of carbon-carbon double bond. The electrode and reaction conditions which yielded maximum peak current were established using differential pulse voltamm...

Disruption of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is important in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS), in which breakdown of the BBB precedes any clinical or pathological findings. There is some evidence that relapsing-remitting MS attacks may be correlated with certain types of acute stressful episodes. Stress ty...

In six patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma the inhalation of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha in a small dosage produced significant bronchoconstriction, whereas PGE2 produced bronchodilatation. In these patients cholinergic blockade with atropine partially inhibited the PGF2 alpha-induced bronchoconstriction, but the alpha-receptor-blocking drug thymoxamine and sodium cromoglycate did not. The...

Lipophilic ion-pair complexes of 3-dl-alpha-tocopherylcarbonyl-1-n-alkyl-pyridinium-cromolyn (TAP-CG) were designed to enhance the percutaneous absorption of cromolyn (CG), and the effect of n-alkyl chainlength of the ion-pair complexes on the CG permeation through hairless mouse skin was evaluated in vitro. The permeation rates of CG were examined in isopropyl myristate (IPM) suspension using ...