A generalized hydrodynamic theory of shock wave structures is presented for rigid diatomic gases. The theory yields shock solutions for all Mach numbers. The accuracy of the theory is examined for nitrogen gas as an example. Excellent agreement with experiment is obtained for the inverse shock widths for the entire range of Mach number studied by experiment. The comparison made shows that we ar...

An optimum airfoil design for future Mars airplane for Mars exploration is obtained by evolutionary computation coupled with a two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver. The optimized airfoil design is also compared with other airfoil designs optimized at different Reynolds number or at different Mach number to discuss Reynolds number and Mach number effects on airfoil design. Thes...

When a shock front in unsteady compressible flow is moving along an inclined ramp, the incident shock will be reflected by the ramp, as it moves forward. In the process of reflection, various reflected wave pattern may occur depending on the slope of the ramp and the strength of the incident shock [14, 23]. This problem is one of the most important multidimensional prototype problems in gas dyn...

Micro Piezo technology is offering superior features in ink ejection performance, compatibility with a wide variety of inks, and durability. As a result, this technology has already being utilized effectively in various commercial and industrial fields such as photo lab printing, digital printing, textile printing, and color filter manufacturing. However, new printheads that have a larger numbe...

A study of the mechanism by which disturbances can cause tripping between steady-flow regular and Mach reflection in the dual-solution domain is presented. Computational results indicate that the disturbance shock created as a result of the impact of dense particles on one of the shock-generating wedges can cause transition from regular to Mach reflection. The disturbance shock may also be gene...

We report the Chandra detection of a large-scale shock, on scales of 200 kpc, in the cluster surrounding the powerful radio galaxy 3C 444 (PKS 2211−17). Our 20-ks Chandra observation allows us to identify a clear surface brightness drop around the outer edge of the radio galaxy, which is likely to correspond to a spheroidal shock propagating into the intracluster medium. We measure a temperatur...

We consider the motion of a compressible viscous fluid in the asymptotic regime of low Mach and high Reynolds numbers under strong stratification imposed by a conservative external force. Assuming a bi-dimensional character of the flow, we identify the limit system represented by the so-called lake equation the Euler system supplemented by an anelastic type constraint imposed by the limit densi...

Document Reference: TR-Encode-TUKE-4-95 Date: 12/95 Activity: T1.2 Status: Internal Release Distribution: All ENCODE Partners Title: Configuration design in CLIPS room allocation problem Abstract: Experimental implementation of the room allocation problem by the use of the Complete-Revise-Optimize strategy in order to test the applicability of the CLIPS system to solve configuration design prob...

In this study, modeling of a fuel jet which has been injected by high pressure into a low-pressure tank are investigated. Due to the initial conditions and the geometry of this case and similar cases (like CNG injectors in internal combustion engines (ICE)), the barrel shocks and Mach disk are observed. Hence a turbulence and transient flow will be expected with lots of shocks and waves. Accord...

Pronounced bright and dark bands are seen at the bright and dark edges of half-shadows and similar distributions of illumination. These are the so-called Mach bands. A pair of vertical Mach bands was generated with a ramp pattern in the central strip of a horizontal tripartite oscilloscope display. This pattern consisted of two uniform fields (one of low luminance, one of high luminance) joined...