Successful automatic self-pollination in flowering plants is dependent on the correct development of reproductive organs. In the stamen, the appropriate growth of the filament, which largely depends on the mechanical properties of the cell wall, is required to position the anther correctly close to the stigma at the pollination stage. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are a fami...

In plant species, the movement of reproductive structures can be an adaptive advantage in mating system studies. This phenomenon promote outcrossing or cause a reduction intrafloral male-female sexual interference. Consequently, this contributes to avoidance self-pollination and/or delayed autonomous self-pollination. The aim short communication is report results assessments done two natural po...

This study examined the perception and adoption of artificial pollination among cocoa farmers in Ghana. It used cross-sectional data collected from 206 selected through multi-stage sa...

Paradigms used to study the response to and consequences of exposure to reward loss have been underutilized in approaches to the psychobiology of substance use disorders. We propose here that bringing these two areas into contact will help expanding our understanding of both reward loss and addictive behavior, hence opening up opportunities for cross-pollination. This review focuses on two line...

0 7 4 0 7 4 5 9 / 0 0 / $ 1 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 0 I E E E The speed of this evolution is both a challenge and a risk. It’s wonderful to see so many new and never imagined applications, but three decades after the discipline’s emergence, our society heavily depends on software technology. The public and the discipline’s practitioners dramatically underestimated a software product’s lifetime. For exa...

The experiment was conducted in the Ecology Field, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India during 2020-21 to explore role of insect pollinators fruit setting P. cineraria. For conducting experiments one branches selected trees covered with a mesh bags exclude floral visitors (pollinator exclusion). other branch kept uncovered for time (open pollination). Our findings revealed...

almond is one of the most important prunus species. most almond cultivars and genotypes are self-incompatible and some others are cross-incompatible. however, recently self-incompatible cultivars developed by breeding are available. therefore self-incompatible cultivars for pollination, fertilization and production require compatible pollen of other cultivars. in this regard the study of pollen...