BACKGROUND Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis are recognised as possible pathogens of traveller's diarrhoea. AIMS To identify the prevalence of C parvum and Cyc cayetanensis in travellers returning from developing countries. PATIENTS Nine hundred and seventy eight stool samples wer taken from 795 patients returning from developing countries. METHODS Microscopy (iron-haemat...

Introduction and objective: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that is a common cause of diarrhea in both animals and humans worldwide. There is no effective specific chemotherapeutic treatment. The aim of this study was to survey and compare the anticryptosporidial effect of two anticoccidial drugs, Monensin, Toltrazuril and synergic effect on oocysts of C. parvum in vitro. Materia...

Cryptosporidium parvum infection of the small epithelial intestine causes unremitting diarrhea and malabsorption that can lead to chronic and sometimes fatal illness in patients with AIDS. The illness may be ameliorated by passive oral immunoglobulin therapy. The objective of this study was to produce anti-Cryptosporidium human monoclonal antibodies for evaluation as potential therapy. All huma...

We studied the role of inflammatory neutrophils in the antitumor effects that follow i.p. injection of Corynebacterium parvum (1400 micrograms) into C3HeB/FeJ mice challenged with the murine ovarian teratocarcinoma. Peritoneal neutrophils, obtained from mice 6 hr after injection of C. parvum, exerted significant antitumor effects when injected admixed with murine ovarian terato-carcinoma cells ...

Exosomes are membranous nanovesicles released by most cell types from multi-vesicular endosomes. They are speculated to transfer molecules to neighboring or distant cells and modulate many physiological and pathological procedures. Exosomes released from the gastrointestinal epithelium to the basolateral side have been implicated in antigen presentation. Here, we report that luminal release of ...

Concurrent with recent advances seen with Cryptosporidium parvum detection in both treated and untreated water is the need to properly evaluate these advances. A micromanipulation method by which known numbers of C. parvum oocysts, even a single oocyst, can be delivered to a test matrix for detection sensitivity is presented. Using newly developed nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorp...

Cryptosporidium parvum infects intestinal epithelial cells and does not invade deeper layers of the intestinal mucosa. Nonetheless, an inflammatory cell infiltrate that consists of neutrophils and mononuclear cells is often present in the lamina propria, which underlies the epithelium. This study investigated the host epithelial cell response to C. parvum by assessing in vitro and in vivo the e...

With the discovery that the coccidian parasite Cryptosporidium sp. can cause severe symptoms in humans, many diagnostic techniques were quickly implemented such as microscopic visualization, immunofluorescence and PCR. Currently, there is no effective drug treatment and none of the current diagnostic methods is 100% accurate. In this study, a BALB/C mouse was subcutaneously immunized with Crypt...

Cryptosporidium parvum is an important diarrhea-causing protozoan parasite of immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been implicated in resistance to mucosal infections with bacteria, viruses, and parasites, but little is known about the role of IgA in the control of C. parvum infection. We assessed the role of IgA during C. parvum infection in neonatal mice. Ig...

In Japan, only a few rivers have been inspected for Cryptosporidium parvum contamination, and the methods used had low sensitivity. In 1998 and 1999, we used a method with higher sensitivity to examine all large rivers used as sources of water supply in one prefecture (which we divided into four areas) in western Japan for Cryptosporidium oocysts. One sample was collected at each of 156 sites a...