Model checking is an automatic technique for the verification of temporal properties of a system. In this technique, a system is represented as a labelled graph and the specification as a temporal logic formula. The core of temporal logic model checking is the reachability problem, which is not expressible in first-order logic (FOL); as a result, model checking of finite/infinite state systems ...

BACKGROUND Insect hosts have evolved immunity against invasion by parasitoids, and in co-evolutionary response parasitoids have also developed strategies to overcome host immune systems. The mechanisms through which parasitoid venoms disrupt the promotion of host immunity are still unclear. We report here a new mechanism evolved by parasitoid Pteromalus puparum, whose venom inhibited the promot...

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses of splenic T cells from C57BL/6 B6) mice and mutant H-2Kbm1 (bm1) mice to haptenic (trinitrophenyl [TNP] ) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) determinants in the context of an allogenic (wild-type or mutant) H-2Kb molecule were analyzed in a modified limiting dilution system. In the B6-anti-bm1TNP mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), estimated frequencies for precu...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate lignin and mannanoligosaccharides as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Dietary treatments for the 2 studies were 1) negative control (CTL-, antibiotic free); 2) positive control (CTL+, diet 1 + 11 mg of virginiamycin/kg); 3) mannanoligosaccharide (MOS; diet 1 + BioMos: 0.2% to 21 d and 0.1% thereafter); 4) LL (diet 1 + 1.25% Alce...

Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengembangkan modul pembelajaran dengan metode eksperimen dikaitkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari menggunakan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ikatan kimia berbasis (CTL) melalui dan menganalisis kualitas berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, media, pendidik SMA/MA (reviewer) serta respon peserta didik terhadap kimia. Mod...

Background Exhaustion of CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), characterized by the overexpression immune checkpoints (IC), is a major impediment to anti-tumor immunity. However, exhaustion status TILs in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed elucidate AITL and its influence on prognosis. Methods The correlation between IC expression was analyzed ...

Adoptive T cell therapy has been successfully used for treatment of viral and malignant diseases. However, little is known about the fate and trafficking of transferred Ag-specific T cells. Using the tetramer (TM) technology which allows for detection and quantification of Ag-specific CTL, we assessed the frequency of circulating Melan-A-specific CTL in advanced melanoma patients during adoptiv...

The finding that class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize peptide antigens (epitopes) bound to class I MHC molecules has accelerated efforts to identify CTL-defined tumor peptides for the development of peptide-based cancer immunotherapy. The Meth A sarcoma is probably one of the best studied of all murine tumors. It is extremely lethal u...

H-2 antigens encoded by the K and the D end of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) t are the primary target structures for alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) (1-3). However, little is known about the repertoire of H-2specific CTL and about which parts and epitopes of the H-2 antigens are recognized by CTL. Recently (4) we were able to identify with a panel of monoclonal antibodie...

Five distinct cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) recognition sites were identified in the simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen by using H-2b cells that express the truncated T antigen or antigens carrying internal deletions of various sizes. Four of the CTL recognition determinants, designated sites I, II, III, and V, are H-2Db restricted, while site IV is H-2Kb restricted. The boundaries of CTL recognit...