The Rubik’s Cube is a familiar toy that has embedded itself into popular culture since its invention in 1974 by Ernő Rubik. It is especially popular among mathematicians, for good reason. In this paper, we will investigate some of the interesting mathematical structure underlying the Rubik’s Cube, which was documented by David Joyner in his book, Adventures in Group Theory [Joy]. Let us conside...

Cryptography is a security technique that must be applied in both communication sides to protect the data during its transmission through the network from all kinds of attack. On the sender side, the original data will be changed into different symbols or shapes by using a known key; this is called encryption. On the other communication side, the decryption process will be done and the data wil...