the map and the model designed by a designer and presented to a manufacturer in the form of a map is the result of his knowledge and innovation. the manufacturer, in turn, uses his best effort to produce a part accordingly. however, because of production problems and raw material, producing a precise part is very difficult and costly. one of the most important problems in this regard is designi...

This paper presents a voltage stability constrained optimal power flow that is expressed via a bilevel programming framework. The inner objective function is dedicated for maximizing voltage stability margin while the outer objective function is focused on minimization of total production cost of thermal units. The original two stage problem is converted to a single level optimization problem v...

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) films were deposited through a simple and low cost spray pyrolytic technique using mixed aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and thiourea. The structural and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of initial (Zn:S) molar ratio in the precursor solution, which varied between (1:1) and (1:3). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that wurtzite...

This paper investigates the issue of an economic manufacturing quantity model for defective products involving imperfect production processes and rework. We consider that the demand is sensitive to promotional efforts/sales teams’ initiatives as well as the setup cost can be reduced through further investment. It also assumes that fixed quantity multiple installments of the finished batch are d...

An extensive comparison of SRK, CPA, and PC-SAFT for the speed of sound in normal alkanes has been performed. The results reveal that PC-SAFT captures the curvature of the speed of sound better than cubic EoS, but the accuracy is not satisfactory. Two approaches have been proposed to improve PC-SAFT’s accuracy for speed of sound: (i) putting speed of sound data into parameter estimation; (ii) p...

In this paper, a simultaneous lead time quotation and lot sizing problem in an assembly system is investigated. We address a production system with a product that has deterministic demand over a T-period planning horizon and is produced in lots because of the economy of scale. If a lot is completed before the demand period, inventory carrying cost is incurred. On shortages, a lead time is quote...

iran is one of the most energy-rich countries subsidizing energy carriers, especially in the agricultural sector, to the extent that the resulting growth is at the expense of the environment. this study tries to investigate the potential impacts of energy price reform on the agro-environment, based on the marginal abatement costs (macs) of emissions. firstly, the energy demand function of the a...