We investigated the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in eyeblink serial feature-positive discrimination learning in mice using the mAChR antagonist. A 2-s light cue was delivered 5 or 6 s before the presentation of a 350-ms tone paired with a 100-ms periorbital electrical shock (cued trial) but not before the tone-alone presentation (non-cued trial). Mice received 30 cued and...

The content of visual working memory (VWM) guides attention, but whether this interaction is limited to a single VWM representation or functional for multiple VWM representations is under debate. To test this issue, we developed a gaze-contingent search paradigm to directly manipulate selection history and examine the competition between multiple cue-matching saccade target objects. Participant...

Background: Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) was developed as a novel exercise form that combines physical and cognitive training. Participants watch, recognize, memorize and follow step patterns which an instructor demonstrates on a 4 by 10 square-patterned SSE mat without viewing printed pattern diagrams. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SSE on cognitive function. Methods...

Introduction: It has been shown that joint click, an initial and common finding in internal derangement (ID), respond to neither conservative treatment nor surgical intervention. This raises the question as to whether it must be treated in the absence of other pertinent signs and symptoms, so the aim of this study was to investigate and compare the MRI findings of TMJ in both normal subjects an...

[4] introduces the Click modular router. Click is a software based router that is composed of flexible software modules. Click is designed to run on commodity hardware and in commodity operating systems. Click provides a motivation for our interrupt handling work as Click typifies the overhead problems with traditional OS interrupts. Click removes the interrupt handling completely, opting inste...