Introduction Characterization of the glycosylation profile of a recombinant protein product is an important part of defining product quality in the bioproduction industry. Development of a protein with desired characteristics would require the capacity to modify and target specific glycosylation patterns as well as an understanding of the implications of changes to these glycosylation profiles....

The repair or replacement of damaged tissues using in vitro strategies has focused on manipulation of the cell environment by modulation of cell-extracellular matrix interactions, cell-cell interactions, or soluble stimuli. Many of these environmental influences are easily controlled using macroscopic techniques; however, in co-culture systems with two or more cell types, cell-cell interactions...

On-line monitoring of insect cell cultures used for the production of recombinant proteins with the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) provides valuable tools for the optimization, operation, and control of the production process. The relative permittivity (epsilon') and CO(2) evolution rates (CER) were measured on-line using the biomass monitor and the infrared CO(2) analyzer, respect...

As the biopharmaceutical industry evolves to include more diverse protein formats and processes, more robust control of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) is needed to maintain processing flexibility without compromising quality. Active control of CQAs has been demonstrated using model predictive control techniques, which allow development of processes which are robust against disturbances asso...

One of the characteristics of most animals is that they are multicellular−in other words− they are composed of many cells. With this multicellularity comes the specialization of cells. In a multicellular organism, each cell does not have to carry out all the activities necessary for the life of the organism. Although most cells of any higher organism have many organelles and metabolic pathways ...

A primary cell culture is the initial culture set up directly from a body tissue. Primary cancer cultures can be initiated and derived from a variety of tissue types such as solid tumor fragments (primary or metastatic) or cell suspensions, for example, aspirates, including peritoneal ascites or pleural effusions. Cell suspensions can be particularly convenient for developing cell lines as they...