We consider a repeated newsvendor problem where the decision-maker (DM) does not have access to the underlying distribution of discrete demand. We analyze three informational settings: i.) the DM observes realized demand in each period; ii.) the DM only observes realized sales ; and iii.) the DM observes realized sales but also a lost sales indicator that records whether demand was censored or ...

As the requirement of task is dynamical, the usage of equipment will change with time and it will result in the fluctuating demand for spare parts all over the time. In order to improve equipment performance, the users need to forecast equipment failure frequency and demand for spare parts within the task period. Demand in a moment of task period is the result of cumulative effect of the failur...

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) possesses characteristics that make it suitable in the zones of high shear and ductility demand of structural elements; however, there is a lack of an adequate model to predict its shear stiffness. A theoretical model for the effective shear stiffness of reinforced ECC (RECC) columns is proposed on the basis of the truss-arch model, with the consideratio...

To investigate the seismic behavior of end-plate connection semi-rigid space steel frames, three 1/4-scale specimens were tested under cyclic load. Finite element analysis which took initial geometric imperfections into consideration was also conducted, and the results conform to experimental results. The failure modes, hysteretic behavior, deformation capacity and energy-dissipation capacity o...

Recent research suggests that extraordinary combinations of strength and ductility can be achieved in the so–called δ–TRIP steels, which contain ferrite, bainite and austenite. A part of the reason for the ductility of almost 40% elongation at a strength of some 900MPa, is believed to be the optimal stability of the austenite to plastic deformation. We demonstrate here that mechanical stabilisa...

Materials with both high strength and toughness are in great demand for a wide range of applications, requiring strict design of ingredients and hierarchically ordered architecture from nano- to macro-scale. Nacre achieves such a target in the long natural evolution by alternative alignment of inorganic nanoplatelets and biomacromolecules. To mimic nacre, various strategies were developed, appr...

This paper introduces the damage statistics of reinforced concrete buildings after the 1985 Mexico Earthquake, the 1990 Ruzon (Philippines) Earthquake, the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) Earthquake, and the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake. These data were obtained in severely damaged areas in each earthquake through the inventory damage investigation of the Architectural Institute of Japan teams...

The development of design seismic forces is reviewed. The earthquake engineering was shown to have developed in the last 60 years. The characteristics of ground motion and structural response were gradually understood over the last five decades. The damage statistics from recent major earthquakes indicated that the severe damage was observed in taller buildings. The ratios of buildings with ope...

In this paper, moment-curvature behavior and ductility of prestressed concrete members based on nonlinear analysis is investigated. Influence of various design parameters on ductility of flexural members is determined according to appropriate materials models for stress-strain curves of concrete, prestressing steel and conventional reinforcements. Parameters studied include reinforcing index (ω...

It is well known that plastic deformation induced by conventional forming methods such as rolling, drawing or extrusion can significantly increase the strength of metals However, this increase is usually accompanied by a loss of ductility. For example, Fig. 1 shows that with increasing plastic deformation, the yield strength of Cu and Al monotonically increases while their elongation to failure...