Coastal convection is often organized into multiple mesoscale systems that propagate in either direction across the coastline (i.e., landward and oceanward). These interact non-trivially with synoptic intraseasonal disturbances such as convectively coupled waves Madden–Julian oscillation. Despite numerous theoretical observational efforts to understand coastal convection, global climate models ...

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), an eastward-propagating equatorial disturbance most active during the boreal winter, dominates atmospheric intraseasonal variability in the tropical Eastern Hemisphere. The MJO involves cyclic patterns of suppressed convection and intense rainfall, has a period ranging from 20-100 days, and is manifested in numerous atmospheric and oceanic variables. This st...

Two-fluid modelling has recently emerged as a promising approach to representing cumulus convection in weather and climate models. This study applies the two-fluid model described Part II shallow case over land (ARM). Large-eddy simulation data are used tune majority of closures that determine properties entrained detrained air. The is generally able reproduce profiles mean turbulent quantities...

Despite progress in recent years in understanding cloud processes and feedbacks in General Circulation Models (GCMs; Bony et al., 2006; Stephens 2005), knowledge is lacking about the physical mechanisms of cloud feedbacks and the causes of model-to-model variation in simulated cloud feedbacks. These issues are related to several factors: (1) the transient and spatial variability of clouds is ty...

The growth of five cumulus congestus clouds over the Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, Arizona was subjected to detailed examination by means of photogranmetric and statistical analysis. It was found that these clouds exhibited a pulsating form of cellular convection as they grew upward. Once maximum height was achieved, the circulation became a linearly increasing function of time. The pul...

SEPTEMBER 2004 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | T hough much progress has been made in the development of coupled ocean–atmosphere models, many discrepancies remain between observations and model results. The tropical east Pacific (i.e., east of about 140°W) is a region in which the performance of coupled models has been problematic (Mechoso et al. 1995), with particular difficulty in the simu...

In this paper the numerical comparative experiments on sensitivity of the physical dissipative technique to the precipitation parameterizations, especially the different combination of the explicit micro-physical schemes and cumulus convection parameterizations, in the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model MM5V3 with a triple-nested domain are conducted using the case of heavy rain occurring in the northern...

The kinematic and thermodynamic characteristics of the October and November 2011 Madden–Julian oscillations (MJOs) that occurred over the Indian Ocean during Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) are investigated. Analyses are presented 1) for two primary sounding arrays, where results are independent of model parameterizations, and 2) on larger scales, including the Indian Ocean, using operational and ...

The influence of large-scale advective cooling and/or moistening on the quasi-equilibrium behavior of simulated, tropical oceanic cumulus ensembles is examined in this study. Two sensitivity simulations are performed by imposing time varying/invariant large-scale advective cooling effects and time invariant/varying large-scale advective moistening effects. The results are compared with a contro...