One of the main challenges using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in forest data acquisition is implementation Ground Control Points (GCPs) as a mandatory step, which sometimes impossible for inaccessible areas or within canopy closures. This study aimed to test accuracy UAV-mounted GNSS RTK (real-time kinematic) system calculating tree height and crown without any GCPs. The was conducted on Cup...

Abstract— We sampled 130 individuals (2 to 25 per taxon) of Pinus subsections Ponderosae and Sabinianae . Nucleotide sequences were obtained by targeting 703 low copy nuclear genes. From the unenriched portion short reads, we assembled nearly complete plastome nucleotide sequences. used 600 genes create phylogenies species trees that compared evaluate cytonuclear concordance reticulation. found...

Symbioses between plants and microorganims have been fundamental in the evolution of both groups. The endophytic bacteria associated with conifers have been poorly studied in terms of diversity, ecology, and function. Coniferous trees of the genera Larix, Pseudotsugae, Picea and mainly Pinus, are hosts of many insects, including bark beetles and especially the Dendroctonus species. These insect...

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) data were analyzed from eighteen taxa of Cupressus from the eastern hemisphere. The following fourteen taxa were distinct in their RAPDs: Cupressus assamica (India), C. atlantica (Morocco), C. austrotibetica (Tibet), C. cashmeriana (Bhutan), C. chengiana (Sichuan), C. darjeelingensis (India), C. duclouxiana (Yunnan), C. dupreziana (Algeria), C. funebris...

Envenomation by the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) may cause local dermonecrosis and, rarely, coagulopathies, kidney failure and death. A venom phospholipase, SMaseD (sphingomyelinase D), is responsible for the pathological manifestations of envenomation. Recently, the recombinant SMaseD from Loxosceles laeta was demonstrated to hydrolyse LPC (lysophosphatidylcholine) to produce LPA ...