Labyrinth weirs have not a straight crest in the perpendicular direction to the flow. The plan view of the weir consists of multiple and broken linear crests that cause the increase of its effective length. The advantages of this type of weirs are higher discharge capacity, easy aeration as well as low fluctuations of water surface at the weir upstream. This paper deals with the simulation of t...

Positioned nucleosomes are thought to be regulators of genome function but the role of DNA sequence and structure in the control of positioning is poorly understood. We examined the intrinsic curvature of DNA sequences that are known to position histone octamers at single translational sites as a first step to investigate this problem and discovered a conserved pattern of intrinsic DNA curvatur...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to design a software program to estimate the curved root canal working length by using curved line software and comparing its accuracy with Trophy and Cygnus software programs. METHODS 120 simulated curved canals were divided into 12 groups based on the radius and the angle of the curvature. The true canal length was measured from the orifice to the te...

FtsZ assembles in vitro into protofilaments that can adopt two conformations-the straight conformation, which can assemble further into two-dimensional protofilament sheets, and the curved conformation, which forms minirings about 23 nm in diameter. Here, we describe the structure of FtsZ tubes, which are a variation of the curved conformation. In the tube the curved protofilament forms a shall...

The energy of harmonic sections of flat bundles of nonpositively curved (NPC) length spaces over a Riemann surface S is a function Eρ on Teichmüller space TS which is a qualitative invariant of the holonomy representation ρ of π1(S). Adapting ideas of Sacks-Uhlenbeck, Schoen-Yau and Tromba, we show that the energy function Eρ is proper for any convex cocompact representation of the fundamental ...

In this article and the companion paper [1] we address the question of how one might obtain the semiclassical limit of ordinary matter quantum fields (QFT) propagating on curved spacetimes (CST) from full fledged Quantum General Relativity (QGR), starting from first principles. We stress that we do not claim to have a satisfactory answer to this question, rather our intention is to ignite a dis...

Driving under the influence (DUI) and DUI drugs (DUID) law enforcement (LE) cases (n 5 12,082) where whole blood samples were submitted to ChemaTox Laboratory, Inc. in Boulder, CO, for testing were examined. Of these 12,082 cases, there were 4,235 cannabinoid screens (CS) requested. Samples that yielded a positive CS (n 5 2,621) were further analyzed. A total of 1,848 samples were confirmed for...

Looping is a crucial early phase during heart development, as the initially straight heart tube (HT) deforms into a curved tube to lay out the basic plan of the mature heart. This paper focuses on the first phase of looping, called c-looping, when the HT bends ventrally and twists dextrally (rightward) to create a c-shaped tube. Previous research has shown that bending is an intrinsic process, ...

Conventional, straight keyboards remain the most popular design among keyboards sold and used with personal computers despite the biomechanical benefits offered by alternative keyboard designs. Some typists indicate that the daunting medical device-like appearance of these alternative 'ergonomic' keyboards is the reason for not purchasing an alternative keyboard design. The purpose of this rese...

The Alu156 promoter isolated from the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP82 is dependent on curved DNA upstream of the -35 region for efficient function. Short DNA insertions of 6-29 base pairs were used to simultaneously change the linear placement and rotational orientation of this curved DNA relative to the -35 region. When these mutant promoters were analyzed in vivo using transcriptional fu...