The label “Keynes-Negishi equilibria” is attached here to equilibria in a monetary economy with imperfectly competitive product and labor markets where business firms and labor unions hold demand perceptions with kinks as posited in Negishi’s 1979 book Microeconomic Foundations of Keynesian Macroeconomics. Such equilibria are defined in a general equilibrium model, and shown to exist. Methodolo...

Recently, the National Labor Relations Board (the “NLRB” or “Board”) issued three highly anticipated opinions following the Supreme Court’s decision in NLRB v. Kentucky River Community Care, Inc. , 1 involving the definition of the term “supervisor” under the National Labor Relations Act (the “NLRA” or “Act”). The Board’s decisions, which have been referred to as “the Kentucky River decisions,”...

The creation of the Customs Union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in 2010 resulted in changes not only in trade between Member States but also with third countries. The introduction of a uniform tariff, a common customs code, standardization of health, veterinary and phytosanitary requirements as well as unification of quality standards in relation to goods imported from third countries ...

Measures to actively facilitate trade are increasingly seen as essential to assist developing countries in expanding trade and benefiting from globalisation. Although often viewed as narrowly concerned with the ease and speed of Customs procedures, even greater trade cost reductions and trade and welfare benefits may be reaped from a broader view of trade facilitation (TF) that incorporates tra...

There is an increasing concern about the control of customs operations. While globalization incentives the opening of the market, increasing amounts of imports and exports have been used to conceal several illicit activities, such as, tax evasion, smuggling, money laundry, and drug traffic. This fact makes it paramount for governments to find automatic or semi-automatic solutions to guide the c...

From a labour-intensive and paper-based door-keeping function Customs control is aiming now towards international trade facilitation in a way that is both efficient and secure. Digitalization of documents and automation of processes plays an important role in this transition. However, the use of modern technology, in particular SOA, is not yet optimal. The research objective of this paper is to...

With the ongoing globalization an increase in international deliveries of goods goes hand in hand. All goods produced within a customs union and leave this territory, must be transferred to an export procedure associated with a required customs clearance. This is frequently perceived as an obstacle in the export process. According to a United Nations study, an inefficient customs clearance is r...