BACKGROUND The impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) at the population level is unclear. We explored PCV13's effect in reducing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)-related morbidity and mortality, and whether serotype-specific changes were attributable to vaccination or expected as a part of natural, cyclical variations. METHODS This was a Danish nationwide population...

We studied the cyclical and growth properties of Brazilian per capita output from 1850 to 2000. Contrary to the experience of some developed countries, we did not find large changes in the volatility of per capita output. However, we obtained evidence that the oscillations in economic activity became more persistent after World War II.

Discontinuous increases in the net accumulation of cellular phospholipid were previously observed during the synchronous growth of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (Lueking, D. R., Fraley, R. T., and Kaplan, S. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 451-457). This pattern is shown to result from large increases in the rate of phospholipid synthesis, occurring just prior to cell division. The absence of detecta...

I am induced to make some remarks upon this subject of obstinate vomiting in pregnancy, from the fact that within the last five years three cases of albuminuria during gestation have come under my observation, in all of which untoward results occurred, and in two of these obstinate vomiting was the prominent symptom. In one of the cases?the only one of which I mean to give complete details, the...

Recessions are times when markets function less efficiently. This phenomenon is usually the domain of theories that rely on changes in preferences (demand shocks) or constraints on price-setting (sticky prices). In our simple model of decentralized trade with asymmetric information, income dispersion measures uncertainty about buyer characteristics. Counter-cyclical income dispersion makes the ...

Numerous recent studies document peri-ovulatory increases in women’s physical attractiveness and in their preferences for certain male traits, which appear to be linked to cyclical fluctuation in levels of ovarian hormones. Changes in physical traits are subtle, leading to the widespread conclusion that cues of ovulation are adaptively concealed. It has been argued that concealment enables wome...

Ravi Bansal and Amir Yaron (2004) developed the Long Run Risk (LRR) model which emphasizes the role of long run risks, that is, low-frequency movements in consumption growth rates and volatility, in accounting for a wide range of asset pricing puzzles. In this article we present a generalized LRR model, which allows us to study the role of cyclical fluctuations and macroeconomic crises on asset...

From the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology (Hasosah), and Department of Pediatrics (Al-Johani), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Address correspondence to: Dr. Mohammed Y. Hasosah, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, National Guard Hospital, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,...

This paper investigates whether there has been a fundamental change in the importance of economic conditions on fertility. Through the 1980s econometric studies had found at best a mixed, neutral or negative effect of economic conditions on fertility. Notably, Butz and Ward (1979) concluded that fertility was counter-cyclical, with fertility falling in good times, as the opportunity costs of ch...