Normal and disturbed testicular descent is frequently approached exclusively through a consideration of the caudal testicular suspensory apparatus. This is surprising, because embryonal gonads develop with both cranial and caudal suspensory ligaments, and the sexes differ with respect to the persistence and development of both the cranial and the caudal ligaments. The current study examined the...

background : thymol and carvacrol have previously demonstrated larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). in view of this fact, it was of our interest to obtain synthetic derivatives and evaluate their larvicidal ac­tivity on ae. aegypti larvae. methods : structural modifications were performed on thymol and carvacrol in an effort to understand the functional groups necessa...

The H295R cell bioassay was used to evaluate the potential endocrine disrupting effects of 18 of the most commonly used pharmaceuticals in the United States. Exposures for 48 h with single pharmaceuticals and binary mixtures were conducted; the expression of five steroidogenic genes, 3betaHSD2, CYP11beta1, CYP11beta2, CYP17 and CYP19, was quantified by Q-RT-PCR. Production of the steroid hormon...

A new automated method for the quantitative analysis of cyproterone acetate (CPA) in human plasma has been developed using on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) prior to the LC-MS/MS determination. The method was based on the use of a pre-column packed with internal-surface reversed-phase material (LiChrospher RP-4 ADS, 25 mm x 2 mm) for sample clean-up coupled to LC separation on an octadecyl s...

OBJECTIVES While there are many suggested reasons for the marked gender bias in cardiovascular events, much of the available data indicate that circulating estrogens are cardioprotective. The possibility that endogenous androgens may be detrimental to the cardiovascular system has received relatively less attention. We investigated the short-term modulatory effects of various concentrations of ...

Parenchymal liver cells were isolated from human liver pieces of surgical waste as well as from rat livers. DNA synthetic activity was measured after different times in primary culture by [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiography. Labeling of control cultures of human hepatocytes at densities between 8,000 and 15,000 cells/cm2 was very low (0.4 to 1.3%). Human recombinant epidermal growth...

Involvement of intracellular Ca(2+) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the fast nongenomic effects of androgens in myotubes was investigated. Testosterone or nandrolone produced fast (<1 min) and transient increases in intracellular Ca(2+) with an oscillatory pattern. Calcium signals were slightly reduced in Ca(2+)-free medium, but lack of oscillations was evident. Signals were blocked by U-73122 an...

Evidence There are no long-term RCTs, which leaves cohort and case-control studies as evidence. • The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada1 and others2 have stated that evidence about the risk of VTE with different progestins is inconclusive owing to mixed results and a high risk of bias. • Some studies found no increased VTE risk with drospirenone3 or a transdermal patch.4 • S...