Microvascular endothelium has been implicated as a major target in the rejection of vascularized allografts. In an attempt to dissect the stepwise generation of the T-cell-mediated immune response to microvascular endothelial cells (ECs), we analyzed the requirements for the two major T-cell subsets, CD4+ and CD8+, in the triggering of proliferative and cytotoxic responses to allogeneic ECs in ...

background: noradrenaline (na), the principal neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve terminals, influences t-cell maturation, not only directly in developing t cells, but also indirectly, by acting on the thymic nonlymphoid cells. in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, antiangiogenic and cytotoxic properties of propranolol, β-ar blocker,...

The proteasome, a multicatalytic protease, is responsible for the generation of most MHC class I ligands. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, is clinically approved for treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell myeloma. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bortezomib on viral infection. Infection of bortezomib-treated mice with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) le...

The primary structure of the alpha and beta chains of the T cell antigen receptor in four cytotoxic T cell clones specific for N-iodoacetyl-sulfonic-naphthyl-ethylene-diamine (AED)-haptenated target cells displaying a particular class I MHC molecule has been determined. Two of the T cell clones, 8/10-2 and 5/10-20K, recognize AED-modified targets in association with H-2Kb, while the other two c...

The initiation of immune responses usually requires interactions of T lymphocytes with antigen-presenting cells. The specificity of these interactions depends on the recognition by the T cell’s antigen receptor of an antigenic peptide presented in a complex with molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). But a successful immune response requires additional costimulation of the T c...

Host defenses are profoundly compromised in HIV-infected hosts due to progressive depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes. A hallmark of HIV infection is Pneumocystis carinii (PC) pneumonia. Recently, CD8+ T cells, which are recruited to the lung in large numbers in response to PC infection, have been associated with some level of host defense as well as contributing to lung injury in BALB/c mice. In t...