We present and discuss measurements of electron-irradiation damage in polystyrene and other polymers, based on fading of the 7-eV energy-loss peak. These measurements suggest a large increase in characteristic dose as the electron-beam diameter is reduced from 1 μm to below 1 nm. This finding is discussed in terms of secondary-electron production and delocalization of the inelastic scattering, ...

The use of hip arthroscopy, as a surgical technique, has increased significantly over the past ten years. The procedure has shown good and excellent results in symptom relief and function improvement for patients with femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) and concurrent chondro-labral lesions. It is also a reliable method to correct the characteristic pathomorphologic alteration of FAI. However, ...

Self-healing materials with dual interpenetrating microvascular networks enable two-part healing chemistries and repeated healing of damage in a localized region. [ 1 ] However, due to slow healing kinetics, multiple days are required between damage events to recover mechanical performance under ambient conditions. By directly writing a third interdigitated microvascular network within these ep...

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is an emerging human-pathogenic respiratory virus. We characterized two important features of HBoV1 infection in polarized primary human airway epithelia (HAE). Apical HBoV1 infection of HAE at a low multiplicity of infection causes disruption of the tight junction barrier, loss of cilia, and epithelial cell hypertrophy, which are hallmarks of the airway epithelial dam...

Parenting style experienced during childhood has profound effects on children's futures. Scales developed in other countries have never been validated in the Tibetan context. The present study aimed to examine the construct validity and reliability of a Tibetan translation of the 23-item short form of the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran [One's Memories of Upbringing] (s-EMBU) and to test the...

One special subalgebra of the algebra of fuzzy truth values is the set of those elements that take only 0 and 1 as values. This subalgebra is in one-to-one correspondence with the subsets of the unit interval, but the operations do not correspond to ordinary union and intersection. The automorphisms of this subalgebra are studied here, resulting in showing that the subobjects corresponding to n...

Background: Although sperm selection according to morphologic and motility characteristic, made to some what the fertility successful, but sperm’s normal morphology cannot demonstrate sperm DNA competence. Since the health of sperm DNA is affecting the results of assisted reproductive technology; the aim of this study is to evaluate semen parameters measured by CASA with sperm chromatin abnorma...

INTRODUCTION Innovative metal/ceramic composites produced by melt infiltration of innovative ceramic preforms prepared by a freeze casting technique are examined in this study. These composites exhibit a characteristic hierarchical structure: On a mesoscopic length scale, lamellar domains with sizes up to several millimetres are observed (Fig. 1). The aim of the present study is to analyze the ...

We simulate the propagation of a planar crack in a quasi-two dimensional fuse model, confining the crack between two horizontal plates. We investigate the effect on the roughness of microcrack nucleation ahead of the main crack and study the structure of the damage zone. The two dimensional geometry introduces a characteristic length in the problem, limiting the crack roughness. The damage ahea...

extractin any era to the present era, risk of changes of family and their adverse effects are not studied and also these adverse effects are now more than any time. statistics show that each year the number of divorce will increase and there is the risk for many families. so, after the second world war ii the rate of divorce is not lower from average of 400,000 cases. the result of research in ...