Arguments are given for the tenet that although the immune system has no long term goals, it does have short term goals | which are often contradictory. Simple models illustrate how feedbacks can (i) harmonize connicting goals, (ii) improve the performance of a given type of eeec-tor cell, (iii) cause the preferential ampliication of more potent eeectors. It is shown that spatial organization c...

Billions of users are now inter-connected in Online Social Networks (OSNs) and, as they interact with each other, massive amounts of potentially private data are collected at the OSN providers’ (e.g., Facebook or Twitter) premises. Unfortunately, provider-initiated privacy violations on this data are frequent and there is little chance that the providers will grant users effective dataprotectio...

One of the new computer technology for controlling production systems is an autonomous decentralized Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS). The autonomous decentralized FMS aims at high production efficiency by giving self-control or decentralizing the plan, design and operation of FMS. This paper discusses the intelligent real-time decision making necessary for realizing an autonomous decentrali...

The recent and rapid development of P2P systems is paving the way for a distinguished manner of computing where autonomy and decentralization are the foundation of success. In this paper, we focus on the problem of free riding in decentralized collaborative environments. We propose a novel free riders filtering algorithm based on trustworthiness. Existing, literature does not consider trustwort...

Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS) has the properties of online expansion, online maintenance and fault tolerance, which are among the important features for next generation information services. Since information services require transfer of large amounts of data with different levels of Quality of Services (QoS), it is necessary to have an ADS architecture to satisfy these requirements. Th...

Abstract. The smart sensor technology has opened new horizons for assessing and monitoring structural health of civil infrastructure. Smart sensor’s unique features such as onboard computation, wireless communication, and cost effectiveness can enable a dense network of sensors that is essential for accurate assessment of structural health in large-scale civil structures. While most research ef...

A promising cost-effective approach to realizing RT ADS's is to use the emerging technology for RT distributed component/object structuring. One such technology being explored by the author and his research collaborators is the the Time-Triggered MessageTriggered Object (TMO) structuring scheme [Kim94, Kim97b]. The TMO scheme is intended to facilitate RT distributed software engineering in a fo...

Despite their tremendous success, centrally controlled cloud-based Online Social Networks (OSNs) have inherent issues related to user privacy and control. These issues have motivated researchers to make a paradigm shift in the OSN architecture by proposing to replace centrally controlled OSNs with Decentralized OSNs (DOSNs) in a peer-to-peer setting. DOSNs give users more autonomy and the chanc...

materials and methods the expression of gp73 was investigated in 88 cancerous and self-control non-cancerous tissues using tissue microarrays with immunohisto- chemistry and was confirmed by western blotting. circulating gp73 levels were detected in the sera of 281 patients with liver diseases using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. results the levels of circulating gp73 expression in the hcc ...

background: population based research contributes to our understanding of cancer at many levels. for health program planning and policy making it is important to have information about the incidence of the common cancers in the population. descriptive epidemiologic studies measure the occurrence of cancer and other health-related factors in relation to person (e.g. age, sex, race, social class,...