Deductive reasoning Deductive reasoning is reasoning from the general to the specific. It is what we colloquially think of as "logic". A deductive inference is a judgment or generalization based on axioms or assumptions. For example, if two coins are assumed perfectly balanced then one can conclude that the mean number of heads of tossing these two coins must be one. The deductive generalizatio...

The consensus view in philosophy of science is that reductionism is dead. One reason for this is that the deductive nomological (DN) model of explanation, on which classical reductionism depends, is widely regarded as indefensible. I argue that the DN model is inessential to the reductionist framework, and that mechanism provides a better framework for thinking about reductionism. But this runs...

At what age and in what ways do children distinguish deductive and inductive problems? In Experiment 1, students from kindergarten and from Grades 2, 4, and 6 were presented with deductive or inductive inference problems and asked to draw an inference and rate their confidence. By 4th grade, confidence ratings for deductive problems were higher than those for inductive problems, and responses w...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater reliability and discriminant validity of Toglia's Deductive Reasoning test for individuals with brain injuries. METHOD Forty-two individuals with brain injuries and 51 participants without disabilities ranging in age from 18 to 84 years were given the Deductive Reasoning test three consecutive times. A between groups repeated...

A new modal logic D is introduced. It describes properties of provability by interpreting modality as a deductive closure operator on sets of formulas. Logic D is proven to be decidable and complete with respect to this semantics.

The area of deductive databases has matured in recent years, and it now seems appropriate to re ect upon what has been achieved and what the future holds. In this paper, we provide an overview of the area and brie y describe a number of projects that have led to implemented systems.

Gallaire, Minker, and Nicolas stated that logic and databases was a field in its own right. This was the first time that this designation was made. The impetus for it started approximately 20 years ago in 1976 when I visited Gallaire and Nicolas in Toulouse, France. In this article, I provide an assessment about what has been achieved in the 20 years since the field started as a distinct discip...

This paper sets out to analyze the modes of ‘venture learning’, which is defined as the process whereby knowledge is acquired on how to identify, develop and exploit business opportunities and the associated ventures. The context of learning discussed here is that of high technology ventures, and the ways in which certain types of venture relevant knowledge is acquired and transferred by ventur...