The aims of this in vitro study were both to determine the time necessary for removal of carious dentin (efficiency) and the Knoop Hardness Number (KHN) of the remaining dentin (effectiveness), using a chemomechanical method (Carisolv) or hand excavation. Thirty human molars were bisected through occlusal carious lesions into two equal halves. Each half was randomly excavated by hand in circula...

PURPOSE To report a case of choroidal excavation accompanied by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH). METHODS A 54-year-old Japanese woman who was complaining of bilateral blurring of vision associated with headache underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography as well as a routine ophthalmological examination. RESULTS Fundoscopy show...

The surface regions of cometary nuclei are expected to be extensively modified by cosmic radiation and solar insolation. Induced state changes and associated sublimation and phase-change boundaries are expected to propagate deep into the interior. In the current exploration program a reconnaissance of the highly evolved upper meter of the cometary surface is comprehensively covered. However, th...

An ultra-deep L-shape foundation pit in a coastal area has recently been constructed and monitored. The project overview, geological conditions, excavation sequence monitoring scheme are introduced detail. deformation of the retaining structure surrounding strata analyzed detail through measured data 3D numerical simulation. results show that exceptional performance current is due to combinatio...

Abstract Since the safety and stability of original tunnel structure are easily affected by adjacent foundation pit excavation, it is strongly necessary to study deformation evolution tunnels during excavation. With regard two cases that adjacently located at right bottom pit, influence different supporting methods, including pile support, bolt pile-bolt shotcrete-bolt on was investigated basis...

In current design specifications for deep excavation, the determination of safety factors against groundwater inrush only considers self-weight effect soil mass at bottom. However, shear strength and its spatial variability in a cement-solidified bottom layer also plays an important role factor estimation. Based on that, this study, reduction method was introduced into reliability analysis exca...