abstract verticillium wilt of olive caused by verticillium dahliae is one of the main constraints to olive production in golestan province. in this research, two defoliating and two non-defoliating isolates of the fungus were inoculated in 16-18 months-old olive seedlings. the seedlings consisted of concervolia, cronaiki, kalamon, zard-roghani, bladi, mission, manzanilla and sevillana. the seed...

BACKGROUND Plant leaves, as the main photosynthetic organs and the high energy converters among primary producers in terrestrial ecosystems, have attracted significant research attention. Leaf lifespan is an adaptive characteristic formed by plants to obtain the maximum carbon in the long-term adaption process. It determines important functional and structural characteristics exhibited in the e...

Rice is an important staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Though genetic potential commonly cultivated varieties rice diminished due to various biotic and abiotic constraints, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. (Xoo) considered one its most destructive diseases in India. Based on morpho-cultural characteristics, pathogens isolated from leaves a pla...

Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), widely called mile-a-minute, has been a persistent problem to forestry, plantations and biodiversity conservation in southwestern and northeastern India, as well as in Andaman and Nicobar islands. To supplement the previously imported Trinidad-originating Puccinia spegazzinii (Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae), a different pathotype (IMI 393076) was importe...

Larvae of manuka beetles, Pyronota spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) cause pasture damage in New Zealand by feeding on the roots of grasses. Surveys for potential biocontrol agents revealed a putative disease, expressed as whitened larvae of one of the outbreak species, Pyronota setosa. Microbial diagnosis indicated an intracoelomic, intracellular infection, and intracellular bacteria have been i...

The filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata contains seven pathogenic variants (pathotypes), which produce host-specific toxins and cause diseases on different plants. Previously, the gene cluster involved in host-specific AK-toxin biosynthesis of the Japanese pear pathotype was isolated, and four genes, named AKT genes, were identified. The AKT homologs were also found in the strawberry and ta...

Plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate biotroph that causes clubroot, one of the most damaging diseases of crucifers. Differential cultivars and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to assess the extent of genetic diversity among nine single-gall populations of P. brassicae and 37 single-spore isolates (SSI) derived from four of those field samples. Isolates were classified into ...