in the present work, the simultaneous effects of fuel injection rate and injection of air jet into the combustion chamber on exhaust emissions, combustion process and performance parameters in a direct injection diesel engine were investigated. in order to create an air jet, a design was presented in which a secondary chamber (air cell) was created inside the cylinder and was joined to the main...

An ideal solid material will respond to an applied load by deforming ®nitely and recovering that deformation upon removal of the load. Such a response is called ``elastic''. Ideal elastic materials obey Hooke's law, which describes a direct proportionality between the stress ( ) and strain ( ) via a proportionality constant called modulus (G), i.e., ˆ G . An ideal ̄uid will deform and continue t...

We have use a discretized form of the equation resulting from the elastic Beam Theory to investigate the effect of lateral forces on lithospheric deformation. This technique, the Beam Element Technique (BET), allows the application of a lateral load as a function of distance (i.e., basal shear can be applied in addition to the lateral end forces). Such loading is useful in studying the effects ...

This paper concerns an optimization problem related to the Poisson equation for the p-Laplace operator, subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Physically the Poisson equation models, for example, the deformation of a nonlinear elastic membrane which is fixed along the boundary, under load. A particular situation where the load is represented by a characteristic function is invest...

Constant-load tests and load-jump tests were carried out using a microindenter in Al–5.3 mol% Mg solid–solution alloy. When the representative stress σ̄ beneath the indenter decreases to a critical stress level, σ̄c ∼= 61 MPa, during indentation creep at 573 K, the stress exponent n for creep changes from 5 (σ̄ > σ̄c) to 3 (σ̄ < σ̄c). With load-jump tests in the stress range of n= 3, instantaneous pl...

Abstract The subject of the study is deformation oxygen-free high conductivity copper. copper sample given in form a foam. undergoes an impact into elastic wall. strain rate hardening effect investigated. numerical model open-cell foam skeleton prepared framework peridynamics method. dynamic process compression with different velocities simulated. It has been found that essential for load-carry...

Characterization of spatiotemporal deformation dynamics and material properties requires non-destructive methods to visualize mechanics of materials and biological tissues. Displacement-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a noninvasive and non-destructive technique used to quantify deformation and strains. However, the techniques are not yet applicable to a broad range of ma...

Insight into the mechanics of brittle strain localization and fault propagation is gained by investigating the growth of deformation bands and fault–related deformation band damage zones. In porous granular rocks such as sandstone or tuff, the onset of brittle strain localization is characterized by pore space collapse along nucleating deformation bands, then by shear displacements along propag...

Abstract Background: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1).&nbsp; HTLV-1 oncogenes can induce malignancy through controlled gene expression of cell cycle checkpoints in the host cell. HTLV-I genes play a pivotal role in overriding cell cycle checkpoints and deregulate cellular division. In this study, we aimed to determine and comp...

The process of nanocontact including indentation and retraction between a large Ni tip and a Cu substrate is investigated using quasicontinuum (QC) method. The multiscale model reveals that significant plastic deformation occurs during the process of nanocontact between Ni tip and Cu substrate. Plastic deformation is observed in an area as large as 20 nm wide and 10 nm thick beneath Ni tip duri...