We connect two key concepts in quantum information: compatibility and divisibility of channels. Two channels are compatible if they can be both obtained via marginalization from a third channel. A channel divides another it reproduces its action by sequential composition with (In)compatibility is central importance for studying the difference between classical dynamics. The relevance stands clo...

the protease enzyme breaks down protein into amino acids as its constructors. protease immobilization onto appropriate support materials plays an essential role in various fields of technology including the food and detergent industries. accordingly, improvement of protease immobilization has been highly regarded due to its applications in bio catalysis. alginate and chitosan are natural polysa...

Microbial cells are producers of natural polymers present in plant cells. Production of pullulan (an extracellular microbial polysaccharide) by Aureobasidium pullularia pullulans (P. pullulans) was studied under fermentation conditions, and kinetic parameters were determined. Pullulan formation obeyed a growth and non-growth associated term. PHB (polyhydroxybutyrates) an intracellular biopo...

This paper provides information about biodegradability of biodegradable/degradable materials advertised as 100%-degradable or certified as compostable in a municipal solid-waste landfill. It describes a 12month experiment with five samples that took place in a landfill. The results, demonstrated that the polyethylene sample with the additive (samples 1) and sample labelled as 100% degradable (s...

Polymer-coated noble metal nanoparticles are currently of particular interest to investiga‐ tors in the fields of nanobiomedicine and fundamental biomaterials. These materials not only exhibit imaging properties in response to stimuli but also efficiently deliver various drugs and therapeutic genes. Even though a large number of polymer-coated noble metal nanoparticles have been fabricated over...

Microbial modification of starch with Ophiostoma spp. was investigated, with the purpose of developing a novel packaging material for the food or pharmaceutical industries. Various starch sources, such as tapioca, potato, corn, rice and amylopectin were tested as raw materials. The initial screening demonstrated that tapioca and potato starch had better performance for biopolymer production. Th...

SUMMARY An XML derived from a data model designed to be a hierarchical representation of an organism has been specified and a browser to use this language has been developed. AVAILABILITY The language definition is available in HTML form at http://www.proteometrics.com/BIOML/. The BioML browser is available on request from the author.

This article reviews bioengineered strategies for spinal cord repair using tissue engineered scaffolds and drug delivery systems. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) is multifactorial and multiphasic, and therefore, it is likely that effective treatments will require combinations of strategies such as neuroprotection to counteract secondary injury, provision of scaffolds to replace ...

Polymeric gene-delivery vectors to achieve lack of toxicity and a balance between protection and DNA release remains a formidable challenge. Incorporating intracellular environment-responsive degradable bonds is an appreciable step toward developing safer transfection agents. In this study, novel, dual-degradable polycation copolymers (Pluronic-diacrylate [PA]-polyethyleneimine [PEI]-SS) were s...