In its most basic form, Simple Reliabilism states that: a belief is justified iff it formed as the result of reliable belief-forming process. But so-called New Evil Demon (NED) cases have been given counterexamples. A common response has to complicate reliabilism from simplest form accommodate reliabilist position, while at same time granting force NED intuitions. what if despite initial appear...

The role of symmetry breaking phase transitions in the Szilard engine is analyzed. It is shown that symmetry breaking is the only necessary ingredient for the engine to work. To support this idea, we show that the Ising model behaves exactly as the Szilard engine. We design a purely macroscopic Maxwell demon from an Ising model, demonstrating that a demon can operate with information about the ...

For more than 140 years Maxwell’s demon has intrigued, enlightened, mystified, frustrated, and challenged physicists in unique and interesting ways. Maxwell’s original conception was brilliant and insightful, but over the years numerous different versions of Maxwell’s demon have been presented. Most versions have been answered with reasonable physical arguments, with each of these answers (appa...

We present a physical implementation of a Maxwell demon which consists of a conventional single electron transistor (SET) capacitively coupled to another quantum dot detecting its state. Altogether, the system is described by stochastic thermodynamics. We identify the regime where the energetics of the SET is not affected by the detection, but where its coarse-grained entropy production is show...

A patient with dyspepsia and moderate anemia, without concomitant autoimmune diseases (in particular, thyroid pathology), is presented. An algorithm for diagnosing gastritis demon-strated.