background: langerhans cells are important in the pathogenesis of leprosy.  a recent study reported that these cells were almost absent in the epidermis overlying lepromatous lesions.   objective: to investigate a possible relationship between the number of langerhans cells and the histopathologic spectrum of lesions in patients with leprosy.   methods: an immunohistochemical staining for s100 ...

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) contribute essentially to the outset and course of immune responses. So in patients with malignancy, there have been considerable interests in use of these cells in different interventions. Objective: To evaluate the impact of Leishmania major’s components on DC maturation and their use as a therapeutic agent against t...

Induction of protein synthesis by the external delivery of in-vitro transcription-messenger RNA (IVT-mRNA) has been a useful approach in the realm of cell biology, disease treatment, ‎reprogramming of cells, and vaccine design. Therefore, the development of new formulations for ‎protection of mRNA against nucleases is required to maintain its activity in-vivo. It was the aim o...

Induction of protein synthesis by the external delivery of in-vitro transcription-messenger RNA (IVT-mRNA) has been a useful approach in the realm of cell biology, disease treatment, ‎reprogramming of cells, and vaccine design. Therefore, the development of new formulations for ‎protection of mRNA against nucleases is required to maintain its activity in-vivo. It was the aim o...

Dendritic cells (DCs) induce pathogen-specific T cell responses. We comprehensively studied the effects of addition of maturation stimulus, fibroblasts (fibroblast conditioned medium), PHA activated T cells (T cell conditioned medium), and mixture of fibroblast & PHA activated T cells (FCM-TCCM) conditioned media on maturation of DCs. Monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for five days. ...

localized leishmania lymphadenitis (l.l.l) is a self limited clinical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. microscopic findings in l.l.l are very similar to toxoplasma lymphasenitis. in all cases, an intensive microscopic search should be done for leishman bodies. in this study, we describe our microscopic findings and results of our immnohistochemical (ihc) study with a panel of monoclonal...

Previously we have shown in a mouse model of bronchial asthma that thrombomodulin can convert immunogenic conventional dendritic cells into tolerogenic dendritic cells while inducing its own expression on their cell surface. Thrombomodulin(+) dendritic cells are tolerogenic while thrombomodulin(-) dendritic cells are pro-inflammatory and immunogenic. Here we hypothesized that thrombomodulin tre...