The time at which orthodontic treatment should be started remains a matter of conjecture. Anomalies of dental development and functional problems tend to be addressed in the mixed dentition, while definitive treatment tends to be delayed until the late mixed dentition to maximize growth potential and patient compliance. However, some clinicians advocate starting treatment earlier in certain typ...

Talon cusps are relatively rare dental anomalies that manifest as accessory cusplike structures and project from the cingulum area of the anterior teeth. The condition can occur in both the primary and permanent dentitions. However, the occurrences of anomalous cusps are rather infrequent in the primary dentition. Little has been written about the treatment of talon cusps in the primary dentiti...

Juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis) is observed early puberty with the initial manifestation of rapid bone loss around permanent first molars and incisors. Periodontitis in the primary dentition is rare. The relationship between periodontitis in the primary dentition and the manifestation in the permanent dentition is not known. This report describes a case of advanced periodontitis in the p...

Abstract Skeletal class III malocclusion is one of the most challenging conditions in clinical dental practice. Various treatment options are available for management condition such as reverse twin block appliance, facemask chin cup therapy, bone anchorage maxillary protraction device, and tandem traction bow appliance. However, timing controversial. There various advantages disadvantages follo...

In this, the first of a four-part series on the restorative management of the worn dentition, the aetiological factors, diagnosis of toothwear and preventive measures are summarized. Later papers will deal with the management of localized anterior and posterior toothwear, the use of 'Dahl type' appliances as an effective means for the restorations and the various treatment options for the manag...

Unilateral Posterior Crossbite with functional shift of the mandible is a common condition. Early treatment of the condition may prevent adverse effects on temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. Many treatment options have been discussed in the literature so far. During the deciduous and early mixed dentition stages, smaller forces can be used to achieve sutural expansion. When expans...

Tooth ankylosis is a clinical condition, which may be an aetiological factor in the development of malocclusion. Though of unknown aetiology, it is most prevalent in the primary dentition. Its occurrence in the permanent dentition though less frequent than in the primary dentition is usually associated with trauma. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical findings and the most definitive diagnost...